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Combined display of all available logs of haematologyetc.co.uk. You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the username (case-sensitive), or the affected page (also case-sensitive).

• 16:15, 18 June 2023 John talk contribs created page Expression strength key (Created page with "Expression strength effectively reflects how strongly a molecule is expressed by neoplastic cells based on the intensity of the observed fluorescence. It can be helpful in flow cytometric diagnosis: e.g. the characteristically weak expression of CD79b by CLL cells, or the characteristically strong expression of CD25 by the cells of HCL It is however associated with some difficulties since antibodies and fluorochromes can differ between laboratories and the judgment i...")
• 15:55, 18 June 2023 John talk contribs created page Monoclonal B lymphocytosis (Created page with "Monoclonal B-lymphocytosis (MBL) as a distinct entity recognised in the WHO Classification and used to denote the presence of abnormal conal B-cells that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for CLL or other LPD based. It is an important distinction since affected individaual are not regarded as having a lymphoproliferative disorder, although they may experience some symptoms, and the disease may progress. The diagnosis is suggested from flow cytometry of blood, but alwa...")
• 12:07, 14 June 2023 John talk contribs created page CD235 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxxx </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> :xxxxxx :<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic Use'''</span> *xxxxx -----")
• 12:07, 14 June 2023 John talk contribs created page CD123 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxxx </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> :xxxxxx :<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic Use'''</span> *xxxxx -----")
• 12:06, 14 June 2023 John talk contribs created page CD65 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxxx </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> :xxxxxx :<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic Use'''</span> *xxxxx -----")
• 12:06, 14 June 2023 John talk contribs created page CD64 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxxx </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> :xxxxxx :<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic Use'''</span> *xxxxx -----")
• 20:54, 13 June 2023 John talk contribs created page CD138 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :CD138 is a marker used to identify normal or malignant plasma cells with a high level of specificity, but does not discriminate normal from abnormal plasma cells and in some cases expression in myeloma may be low compared with normal plasma cells so sensitivity can be an issue. Abberancy of expression is low, but expression...")
• 16:01, 13 June 2023 John talk contribs created page CD200 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :CD200 is not lineage specific being seen in a lymphoid and myeloid disorders but has an role in diagnosis: CD200 expression aids the distinction between CLL where expression is consistent and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) where expression is rare. It is important to realise that CD200 is not a CLL-specific marker and is also ex...")
• 12:42, 12 June 2023 John talk contribs created page CD117 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :CD117 is a widely expressed molecule that in haematology is used most often as a marker of primitive myeloid cells where it contributes to a diagnosis of AML. However expression is absent in around 20-30% of typical AML and there is recognised aberrant expression by up to 30% of ALL cases (more frequently in T lineage). CD11...")
• 11:21, 12 June 2023 John talk contribs created page CD103 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :The principle use of CD103 is to identify hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) and distinguish it from related diorders. CD103 also has a wider range of applications in the histopathological identification of a range of myeloid and T-cell disorders. </div> <span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span> CD1...")
• 16:15, 11 June 2023 John talk contribs created page CD57 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :CD57 is used in the identification and typing of LGL cells helping to differentiate between T- and LGL origin </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> CD57 is a carbohydrate epitope expressed on the cell surface of T cells and peripheral NK cells where CD57 expression can be regarded as designating termi...")
• 13:20, 8 June 2023 John talk contribs created page CD56 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :CD56 principally is used in the identification and classification of LGL disorders; CD56 is also expressed in some cases of myeloma and may be used in detection of MRD. </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> CD56 (Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule or NCAM) as most expressed on natural killer cells, but has...")
• 18:31, 7 June 2023 John talk contribs created page CD24 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :CD24 can be helpful in the confirmation of ALL diagnosis by contributing to assignment of B-lineage in difficult cases. </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> CD24 is a gpi-linked protein that is expressed on the surface of dendritic cells and most B lymphocytes, and binds to an unknown ligand on T lym...")
• 10:41, 7 June 2023 John talk contribs created page CD79b (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :CD79b is a pan-B-cell marker expressed from early commitment to B-cell lineage then becoming lost during plasma cell differentiation; CD79b may be used as marker of B-cel lineage, but its more variable expression make it less useful than CD79a or CD19 in this context :The major diagnostic value of CD79b is its characteristi...")
• 12:57, 1 June 2023 John talk contribs created page IgM (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :mu is the heavy chain element of IgM, and may be detected in the cytoplasm of early B cells. Membrane mu is present on mature B cells but following antigen encounter mu is generally replaced by other heavy chain types. Mu expression is used in the immunophenotypic sub-classification of ALL since cytoplasmic mu is acquired by...")
• 16:56, 31 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD20 (Created page with "<div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :CD20 is a component of the B-cell receptor and is therefore expressed by mature B-lymphocytes. In many ways its expression is similar to that of CD19; however CD20 expression is acquired slightly later in B cell development and may be retained by somr plasma cells. </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span>...")
• 09:57, 31 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD16 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxxx </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> :xxxxxx :<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic Use'''</span> *xxxxx -----")
• 09:42, 31 May 2023 John talk contribs created page MPO (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxx </div> <span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span> xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span> *xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Other relevant information:'''</span> xxxxx ---- <span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span> <span style="font-...")
• 09:57, 30 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD15 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :The main practical use for CD15 is for the recognition of cells that have granulocytic or monocytic features. For this reason CD15 has a role in lineage distinction in AML. CD15 is however also expressed in a range of haematological cell types and was originally described as the Lewis blood group antigen: Sialyl Lewis X....")
• 16:38, 28 May 2023 John talk contribs created page FMC7 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :The FMC7 antibody recognises an epitope of CD20 that has a more restricted pattern of expression than the parent molecule. FMC7 has high expression on late-stage b-cell neoplasms such as hairy-cell leukaemia or MZL and can be used to indicate their possible presence; however low level of FMC7 expression is frequent on other...")
• 18:14, 27 May 2023 John talk contribs created page Immunoglobulin light chains (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxx </div> <span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span> xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span> *xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Other relevant information:'''</span> xxxxx ---- <span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span> <span style="font-...")
• 17:31, 27 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD11b (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :Expressed on acute myeloid leukaemias with more mature features, particularly those with granulocytic maturation, CD11b is also expressed on monocytes (although less so than CD11c). Expression of CD11b may be used to support the identification of mixed phenotype acute leukaemia MPAL. </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''B...")
• 16:01, 18 May 2023 John talk contribs created page TDT (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxx </div> <span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span> xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span> *xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Other relevant information:'''</span> xxxxx ---- <span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span> <span style="font-...")
• 12:43, 17 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD34 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :Often regarded as a marker of primitive phenotype, CD34 is expressed by many cases of ALL (around 50%) and slightly fewer cases of AML around (40%). CD34 is also expressed by regenerating cells in marrow, and particularly by regenerating B lymphocytes (haematogones), but is generally absent from mature haematopoietic cells....")
• 18:35, 16 May 2023 John talk contribs created page HLA-DR (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxxx </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> :xxxxxx :<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic Use'''</span> *xxxxx -----")
• 10:24, 16 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD33 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :CD33 a useful marker contributing to the diagnosis of AML, but is less specific than myeloperoxidase and may be less sensitive than CD117. :The molecule is expressed by normal maturing myeloid cells, and there is recognised aberrant expression by primitive lymphoid cells (10-20%). </div> <span style="color:navy">'...")
• 14:34, 15 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD25 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :Principally a marker of cell activation that is expressed by a range of haematopoietic lineages, The expression of CD25 has value in the diagnosis of several disorders although in each case expression is not fully specific and the level of expression may be key to diagnosis :*High levels of CD25 are typical in hairy cell le...")
• 21:24, 14 May 2023 John talk contribs created page TCRγδ (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :The αβ TCR is the primary form in health accounting for around 95% of circulating T cells. Alteration of that normal expression pattern may suggest a neoplastic or inflammatory disorder </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> :The αβ chains expressed are expressed as part of the T-cell receptor (TCR...")
• 11:48, 14 May 2023 John talk contribs created page TCRαβ (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :In the detection of haematological malignancy the purpose of detecting γδ T cells is to define particular T cell lymphomas (αβ T cells strongly predominate in normal blood). However care must be taken when small populations of γδ T cells are detected however, since these may arise in response to viral or other immune r...")
• 10:48, 13 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD7 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxxx </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> :xxxxxx :<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic Use'''</span> *xxxxx -----")
• 21:05, 12 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD23 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxx </div> <span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span> xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span> *xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Other relevant information:'''</span> xxxxx ---- <span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span> <span style="font-...")
• 20:32, 11 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD4 & CD8 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :'''Systemic disease:''' On T lymphocytes these two co-stimulatory molecules define different functional types; an altered ratio between CD4 and CD8 cells can indicate systemic disease or immune dysfunction :'''Neoplasia:''' Expanded populations of CD4 or CD8 cells (or T cells with unusual expression patterns of these molecules) may represent a malignant clone, and the CD4...")
• 15:53, 10 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD61 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxxx </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> :xxxxxx :<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic Use'''</span> *xxxxx -----")
• 15:53, 10 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD43 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxxx </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> :xxxxxx :<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic Use'''</span> *xxxxx -----")
• 15:52, 10 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD41 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxxx </div> :<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span> :xxxxxx :<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic Use'''</span> *xxxxx -----")
• 12:43, 9 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD22 (Created page with "CD22 expression is largely restricted to b cell lineage and expression is acquired at an early differentiation stage. *expression varies during mature b-cell development however the major value of CD22 lies in the identification of all based on high lineage-specificity and very early acquisition allowing the identification of pro-b all. normal expression and function CD22 is a membrane receptor that binds sialic acid containing glycans and expression is mostly rest...")
• 23:16, 8 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD1a (Created page with "A T cell marker that has value in specific circumstances Background CD1a is structurally related to major histocompatibility complex proteins and is thought to mediate the presentation of lipid and glycolipid antigens. CD1a expression is absent on very early thymocytes, but is acquired together with CD4 and CD8 as T cells develop in the thymus, then is lost in mature T cells. Diagnostic Use :A marker of early T-lineage :CD1A us useful in the identification of some cas...")
• 21:58, 8 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD19 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxx </div> <span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span> xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span> *xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Other relevant information:'''</span> xxxxx ---- <span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span> <span style="font-...")
• 13:23, 7 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD10 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :CD10 is expressed early pre-B ALL ("common ALL"), but also has wide expression on all subtypes notably also being expressed by Burkitt lymphoma and many cases of T-ALL :CD10 is also found on normal developing B-lymphocytes (haematogones) so is found very frequently in regenerating marrows :In mature lymphoproliferative...")
• 14:13, 6 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD2 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :CD2 is a pan t-cell marker. In diagnostic use it may be less reliable than CD3 for identification of T-cell lineage, since loss of CD2 expression is seen in some peripheral T-cell lymphomas, and aberrant expression in AML is recognised (particularly the APL subtype). </div> <span style="color:navy">'''Normal expressi...")
• 12:44, 6 May 2023 John talk contribs created page Extra (Created page with "CD14 aids recognition of bacteria by cells of monocytic lineage. it may generally be regarded as a pan-monocyte antigen when expressed in aml CD14 is a marker of monocytic lineage absence of CD14 expression does not preclude monocytic lineage since some typical monoblasts do not express this marker CD14 is not restricted to malignant cells and will be expressed by reactive monocytes and also by neoplastic cells of cmml normal expression and function together...")
• 11:59, 6 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD14 (Created page with "(259, 'cd14', ' cd14 aids recognition ofu800 bacteria byu800 cells ofu800 monocytic lineage. itu800 mayu800 generally beu800 regarded asu800 au800 panu800-monocyte antigen * when expressed inu800 amlu800 cd14 isu800 au800 marker ofu800 monocytic lineage * absence ofu800 cd14 expression does notu800 preclude monocytic lineage since some typical monoblasts dou800 notu800 express this marker * cd14 isu800 notu800 restricted tou800 malignant cells andu800 will beu800 express...")
• 22:57, 3 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD79a (Created page with "<span style="color:navy">'''''DETAILS'''''</span> CD38 helps mobilise intracellular calcium to activate a wide array of cell functions. In haematological cell types CD38 it is widely expressed by lymphoid cells )B, T and NK) as well as myeloid precursor cells and mature myeloid cells. It has particular diagnostic importance for lymphocytes where CD38 expression is acquired as stem cells commit to B-cell lineage, then is lost as mature B cells emerge from bone marrow be...")
• 14:10, 3 May 2023 John talk contribs created page Key to marker expression table (Created page with " <span style="font-size:80%">'''''1. Colour key:''''' ''- the likelihood of any individual case expressing this marker, indicated by colour:'' </span> {| class=wikitable style="text-align: left; font-size:80%; width: 60%; height: 30px; |style= "width: 16.6%; background: #FFE4E1; |Few reported studies (though likely rare) |} {| class=wikitable style="text-align: left; font-size:80%; width:60%; height: 30px; |style= "width: 16.6%; background: #E6FAFF; |Expression may b...")
• 15:28, 1 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD4 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :'''Systemic disease:''' On T lymphocytes these two co-stimulatory molecules define different functional types; an altered ratio between CD4 and CD8 cells can indicate systemic disease or immune dysfunction :'''Neoplasia:''' Expanded populations of CD4 or CD8 cells (or T cells with unusual expression patterns of these molecules) may represent a malignant clone, and the CD4...")
• 10:21, 1 May 2023 John talk contribs created page CD11c (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxx </div> <span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span> xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span> *xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Other relevant information:'''</span> xxxxx ---- <span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span>")
• 20:51, 30 April 2023 John talk contribs created page CD3 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :xxxx </div> <span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span> xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span> *xxxxx <span style="color:navy">'''Other relevant information:'''</span> xxxxx ---- <span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span>")
• 17:10, 30 April 2023 John talk contribs created page CD5 (Created page with " <div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em; margin-right: 5px;"> :<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span> :'''For mature B cell neoplasms''': CD5 is used to indicate likely CLL or MCL. However, expression is present on a subset of normal B cells, and also less frequently on other lymphoma types. Full interpretation therefore requires consideration of clonality and other markers. :'''In acute lymphoblastic leukaemia''': CD5 is u...")
• 10:24, 30 April 2023 John talk contribs created page CD45 (Created page with "<span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span> {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 100%; height 20px;" |- !colspan="7"|<span style="font-size:100%">'''CD13 expression: primitive cell types'''</font> |- ! AML !! B ALL !! Burkitt || T ALL !! ETP ALL ('''i''') !! MPAL '''i || Hgns '''i''' |- |style="width: 14.25%; background: #FFE4E1 #FFE4E1 #66e0ff #00b8e6 #006699; color:white"|Limited Rare Possible...")
• 13:46, 26 April 2023 John talk contribs created page CD38 (Created page with " <span style="color:navy">'''''DETAILS'''''</span> CD38 helps initiate the mobilsation of intracellular calcium, activating a wide array of cell functions that depend on cell type. In haematological cell types CD38 is widely expressed by lymphoid cells and by particular myeloid cells – often in a stage-specific manner. For B lymphocytes CD38 expression is acquired as stem cells commit to B-cell lineage, then lost as mature B cells emerge from bone marrow before be...")