CD10

Summary

CD10 is expressed early pre-B ALL ("common ALL"), but also has wide expression on all subtypes notably also being expressed by Burkitt lymphoma and many cases of T-ALL

CD10 is also found on normal developing B-lymphocytes (haematogones) so is found very frequently on B-cell precursor cells regenerating marrows

In mature lymphoproliferative disorders CD10 is consistently expressed by follicular lymphoma, but this is not fully specific and the marker may (rarely) be found on other lymphoproliferative cell types.

Normal expression and function

CD10 inactivates small peptide hormones, but its function varies giving it different roles within the lymphoid and myeloid systems. On lymphoid cells expression of CD10 broadly correlates with periods of proliferation so it is expressed at the early pre-B cell stage, then is lost as B cells leave the bone marrow before becoming re-acquired by B cells within the reactive germinal centres of the lymph node. In contrast within the myeloid system CD10 is expressed on mature neutrophils but not maturing myeloid cells.

Diagnostic role

• Lymphoproliferative disorders: CD10 is considered to be a marker of follicular lymphoma where expression consistent and strong. However other lymphoproliferative disorders may all may express CD10 infrequently.

• Acute leukaemia: in B-lineage ALL CD10 is a useful marker. Although generally absent from pro-B ALL it is consistently expressed by later forms including most cases of Burkitt Lymphoma. Approximately 30% of cases of T-ALL express CD10. Expression in AML is rare.

• Haematogones: the primitive maturing B cells of regenerating bone marrow consistently express CD10 at all stages of their maturation.

Other relevant information:

In histopathology CD10 expression is important for the diagnosis of many solid tumour types. In lymphoma it is particularly valuable for the recognition of angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITCL) and for DLBCL ABC type.

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SUMMARY TABLES

Note The colour and % refer to the proportion of cases expressing the marker. Additional comments on strength, or site of expression (if relevant) are given below the table. For full details of key click here. For further information about a particular disease state click <I> adjacent to the condition name

Expression in primitive cell types
AML	CMML	B ALL	BL	T ALL	ETP ALL	MPAL	Hgn
<5%	5-20%	80-100%	40-80%	40-80%	5-20%	40-80%	80-100%

Notes: Although useful in the identification of B-lineage ALL where it often has strong expression, CD10 is by no means specific and particular care should be taken in regenerative marrows since CD10 has high expression in haematogoes. In MPAL the marker may help identification of B-lineage.

Expression in mature B cell neoplasms
CLL	MCL	FL	MZL	HCL	DLBCL	LPL	PCL
5-20%	5-20%	80-100%	5-20%	5-20%	40-80%	5-20%	<5%

Notes: The general point is that strong CD10 is highly suggestive of FL but CD10 may be expressed by other LPD. In DLBCL the expression is particularly seen with ABC type DLBCL

Expression in mature T cell neoplasms*
ATLL	CTCL/Sezary	T-PLL	T-LGL	NK-LGL
?	?	?	?	?

Notes: There are few reports describing the expression of CD10 on T-LPD (aside from its recognised value in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma). It is broadly reported to have low frequency of expression

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