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The flow cytometric diagnosis of AML: Difference between revisions

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*Most often in AML useful features of immature cells are ''weak expression of CD45'', and expression of ''CD34'' and/or ''CD117''. However, other markers may be useful (See [[Markers used to demonstrate primitive nature in AML]])
*Most often in AML useful features of immature cells are ''weak expression of CD45'', and expression of ''CD34'' and/or ''CD117''. However, other markers may be useful (See [[Markers used to demonstrate primitive nature in AML]])
*Note that some cases there may be atypical features where primitive nature is less clear, this is most frequently encoutered in more mature monocytic cases of AML or in APL, but also in other circumstances ([[Atypical patterns of primitive marker expression in acute myeloid leukaemia|For a more detailed description click to see this Table]])
*Note that some cases there may be atypical features where primitive nature is less clear, this is most frequently encoutered in more mature monocytic cases of AML or in APL, but also in other circumstances ([[Atypical patterns of primitive marker expression in acute myeloid leukaemia|Click for a more detailed description]])




Revision as of 16:10, 15 December 2023

Acute leukaemia types

caption For most cases, the diagnosis of AML by flow cytometry is relatively straightforward. The problem lies in atypical cases and unusual diagnoses that may be missed.



Principle 1. The cells should show flow cytometric features consistent with a primitive nature
AML M1.png Blast cells typically have "primitive" morphology, the initial procedure is to ensure that the cells also express markers of early differentiation

  • Most often in AML useful features of immature cells are weak expression of CD45, and expression of CD34 and/or CD117. However, other markers may be useful (See Markers used to demonstrate primitive nature in AML)
  • Note that some cases there may be atypical features where primitive nature is less clear, this is most frequently encoutered in more mature monocytic cases of AML or in APL, but also in other circumstances (Click for a more detailed description)


Can we confirm myeloid nature?

  • Typical cases can generally be recognised by (see table for details)
  • Atypical cases can still be identified based on a minimal feature set (see table for details)
  • In unusual cases an extended marker panel may allow lineage assignment (see Table for details)

Are there atypical features?

  • Expected abberency
  • Feature that may give concern
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