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<span style="color: navy>'''Background to flow cytometric diagnosis'''</span> | <span style="color: navy>'''Background to flow cytometric diagnosis'''</span> | ||
HCL expresses typical and unusual markers that together with morphology can allow diagnosed with some confidence using flow cytometry. | |||
However, | However, no marker is unique to HCL and unusual marker patterns can lead to diagnostic difficulty. If this is the case then the atypical features should be reported, since histopathology and molecular testing can each be used to further evaluate these cases. | ||
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|colspan="1" style = "width: 4%; font-size:90%; color:navy;" |<u>'''κ/λ'''</u> | |colspan="1" style = "width: 4%; font-size:90%; color:navy;" |<u>'''κ/λ'''</u> | ||
|colspan="1" style = " | |colspan="1" style = "background:#004466;"| | ||
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%; width: 8%; | | |colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%; width: 8%; |Stg | ||
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%;"|Expect weak restricted κ or λ or absent expression | |colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%;"|Expect weak restricted κ or λ or absent expression | ||
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|colspan="1" style = "font-size:90%; color:navy;" |<u>'''FMC7'''</u> | |colspan="1" style = "font-size:90%; color:navy;" |<u>'''FMC7'''</u> | ||
|colspan="1" style = "background:# | |colspan="1" style = "background:#004466;"| | ||
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%;"| | |colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%;"|Stg | ||
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%;"|May be expressed by atypical cases, generally absent | |colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%;"|May be expressed by atypical cases, generally absent | ||
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|colspan="1" style = "font-size:90%; color:navy;" |<u>'''CD5'''</u> | |colspan="1" style = "font-size:90%; color:navy;" |<u>'''CD5'''</u> | ||
|colspan="1" style = "background:# | |colspan="1" style = "background:#00b8e6;"| | ||
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%;"|- | |colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%;"|- | ||
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%;"|Characteristic of CLL, usually less strong than on T cells | |colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%;"|Characteristic of CLL, usually less strong than on T cells | ||
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|colspan="1" style = "font-size:90%;" |CD11C | |colspan="1" style = "font-size:90%;" |CD11C | ||
|colspan="1" style = "background:# | |colspan="1" style = "background:#004466;"| | ||
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%;"| | |colspan="1" style = "font-size:80%;"|Stg | ||
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:84%;"|Expressed in some cases, but tends to be weak | |colspan="1" style = "font-size:84%;"|Expressed in some cases, but tends to be weak | ||
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Revision as of 12:07, 28 June 2023
:Typical HLL morphology, these medium sized cells have a distinctive "partly open" chromatin in an oval or bean-shaped nucleus, cytoplasm is blue/grey with typical hairy projections
Background to flow cytometric diagnosis
HCL expresses typical and unusual markers that together with morphology can allow diagnosed with some confidence using flow cytometry.
However, no marker is unique to HCL and unusual marker patterns can lead to diagnostic difficulty. If this is the case then the atypical features should be reported, since histopathology and molecular testing can each be used to further evaluate these cases.
Immunophenotype of CLL | |||
---|---|---|---|
Major markers useful in CLL diagnosis | |||
Marker | Freq | Level | Comment |
κ/λ | Stg | Expect weak restricted κ or λ or absent expression | |
FMC7 | Stg | May be expressed by atypical cases, generally absent | |
CD5 | - | Characteristic of CLL, usually less strong than on T cells | |
CD10 | - | Infrequent in CLL, consider FL if detected | |
CD11C | Stg | Expressed in some cases, but tends to be weak | |
CD19 | - | Expression is expected, but less strong than normal B cells | |
CD20 | wk | Expression is expected, but characteristically weak | |
CD23 | - | Characteristic of CLL, although can rarely be weak or absent | |
CD25 | wk | Expressed by many cases of CLL but characteristically weak | |
CD38 | wk | Expressed by some cases of CLL, typically weak | |
CD43 | - | Similar to CD200, may be helpful in some cases | |
CD79b | wk | Expression is expected, but characteristically weak | |
CD103 | - | Not expressed by CLL, consider HCL if found | |
CD138 | - | Predominantly expressed at plasma cell differentiation | |
CD200 | - | Characteristically positive in CLL and negative in MCL |
Key to table:
Markers most useful in initial diagnosis are underlined in blue text
Key to colour code for expression frequency Click for link
Key to expression strength code and use Click for link