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| | '''Navigation'''</br> |
| | [[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]] |
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| | |colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''What is a ring form?'''</span> |
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| '''What is a ring form?'''
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| <gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" > | | <gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" > |
| File:Ring_c.jpg|link={{filepath:|Ring_c.jpg}} | | File:Ring_c.jpg|link={{filepath:|Ring_c.jpg}} |
| | File:MMETr.jpg|link={{filepath:|MMETr.jpg}} |
| </gallery> | | </gallery> |
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| At the earliest stage of red cell infection parasites of all species have the form of a "ring". Distinction between species at this stage may not be easy (or even possible). However as the parasite mature and develop differences between species become more apparent. In some species the ring appearance is maintained until late stages of maturation, in others there is loss of a typical ring appearance | | At the earliest stage of red cell infection parasites of all species have the form of a "ring". Distinction between species at this stage may not be easy (or even possible). However as the parasites mature and develop differences between species become more apparent. In some species the ring appearance is maintained until late stages of maturation, in others it is lost progressively as they mature. |
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| *''P.falciparum'': Typically the rings small and delicate, rings tend to persist from early trophozoite until late stages although they may thicken
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| *''P.ovale'': Typical rings are large and robust and this shape may persist until late stages of development (contrast with ''P.vivax'')
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| *''P.malariae'': Rings are small but more substantial that ''P.falciparum'' becomeing solid or bad and losing the ring appearance as they develop
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| *''P.knowlesi'': Early forms resemble ''P.falciparum''; as they mature they often extend and become solid or band-like resembling ''P.malariae
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| *''P.vivax'': Early stages appear as rings becoming irregular then eventually taking on a more typical amoeboid appearance at later stages
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| These changes are illustrated for early and late trophozoite below:
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| ''P.falciparum''
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| <gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
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| File:MFETr.jpg|link={{filepath:|MFETr.jpg}}
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| File:MFITr.jpg|link={{filepath:MFITr.jpg}}
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| File:MFLTr.jpg|link={{filepath:MFLTr.jpg}}
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| </gallery>
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| Small and often delicate rings at early stages, these thicken at later stages, although they remain relatively small with a "ring appearance"
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| ''P.ovale''
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| <gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
| | The different appearances of rings (or indeed their loss) can be very useful in identifying the different malaria species. For detailed illustration of maturing trophozoites [[Trophozoites: diagnostic guide|see this link]]: |
| File:MOETr.jpg|link={{filepath:|MOETr.jpg}}
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| File:MOITr.jpg|link={{filepath:MOITr.jpg}}
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| File:MOLTr.jpg|link={{filepath:MOLTr.jpg}}
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| </gallery>
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| Robust rings that enlarge during parasite development, although the ring form can often still be distinguished
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| ''P.malariae''
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| <gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
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| File:MMETr.jpg|link={{filepath:|MMETr.jpg}}
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| File:MMITr.jpg|link={{filepath:MMITr.jpg}}
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| File:MMLTr.jpg|link={{filepath:MMLTr.jpg}}
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| </gallery>
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| Small but more robust than ''P.falciparum'', the parasites become more solid as they develop and may extend as a band across the cells
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| ''P.knowlesi''
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| <gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
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| File:MKETr.jpg|small or normal ''P.malariae (round)|link={{filepath:|MKETr.jpg}}
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| File:MKITr.jpg|normal sized ''P.falciparum'' (round)|link={{filepath:MKITr.jpg}}
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| File:MKLTr.jpg|ormal or enlarged ''P.ovale'' (may become ovoid)|link={{filepath:MKLTr.jpg}}
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| </gallery>
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| ''P.vivax''
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| <gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
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| File:MVETr.jpg|small or normal ''P.malariae (round)|link={{filepath:|MVETr.jpg}}
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| File:MVITr.jpg|normal sized ''P.falciparum'' (round)|link={{filepath:MVITr.jpg}}
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| File:MVLTr.jpg|ormal or enlarged ''P.ovale'' (may become ovoid)|link={{filepath:MVLTr.jpg}}
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| </gallery>
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| <span style="color:navy>'''Species significance'''</span>
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| These changes can be very helpful in identifying malaria species
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