Flow cytometry: Chronic Lymphocytic leukaemia: Difference between revisions
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!colspan="4" style = "font-size:110%; color: navy; text-align:center; background:#DEE0DE;"|'''Immunophenotype of CLL''' | !colspan="4" style = "font-size:110%; color: navy; text-align:center; background:#DEE0DE;"|'''Immunophenotype of CLL''' | ||
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!colspan="4" style = "font-size:90%; background:#DAE8F2"|CD45 expression in CLL | !colspan="4" style = "font-size:90%; background:#DAE8F2"|CD45 expression in CLL | ||
|colspan="4" style = "font-size:90%; color:black;" |Typically expression is waeker than normal T or B cells with variable expression by cells causing the cells to have a wide spread of CD45 intensity. However, this is not always seen. | |||
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!colspan="4" style = "font-size:90%; background:#DAE8F2"|Major markers useful in CLL diagnosis | !colspan="4" style = "font-size:90%; background:#DAE8F2"|Major markers useful in CLL diagnosis |
Revision as of 17:07, 13 July 2023
Background to flow cytometric diagnosis
Typical CLL can be diagnosed with some confidence using flow cytometry. However, individual markers may not be expressed in all cases - particularly it may be difficult to distinguish atypical CLL from some cases of MCL or MZL.
- Atypical features should always be reported and the possibility of alternative diagnoses acknowledged.
- Cases with a low lymphocytosis (<1x109) may represent monoclonal B-lymphocytosis with CLL phenotype (click here for diagnostic criteria).
Immunophenotype of CLL | |||||||
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CD45 expression in CLL | Typically expression is waeker than normal T or B cells with variable expression by cells causing the cells to have a wide spread of CD45 intensity. However, this is not always seen. | ||||||
Major markers useful in CLL diagnosis | |||||||
Marker | Freq | Level | Comment | ||||
CD19 | - | Expression is expected, but less strong than normal B cells | |||||
κ/λ | Expect weak restricted κ or λ or absent expression | ||||||
CD5 | - | Characteristic of CLL, usually less strong than on T cells | |||||
CD23 | - | Characteristic of CLL, although can rarely be weak or absent | |||||
CD79b | wk | Expression is expected, but characteristically weak | |||||
CD200 | - | Characteristically positive in CLL and negative in MCL | |||||
FMC7 | May be expressed by atypical cases, generally absent | ||||||
Other relevant markers | |||||||
CD10 | - | Infrequent in CLL, consider FL if detected | |||||
CD11C | wk | Expressed in some cases, but tends to be weak | |||||
CD20 | wk | Expression is expected, but characteristically weak | |||||
CD25 | wk | Expressed by many cases of CLL but characteristically weak | |||||
CD38 | wk | Expressed by some cases of CLL, typically weak | |||||
CD43 | - | Similar to CD200, may be helpful in some cases | |||||
CD103 | - | Not expressed by CLL, consider HCL if found | |||||
CD138 | - | Predominantly expressed at plasma cell differentiation |
Key to table:
Key to colour code for expression frequency Click for link
Key to expression strength code and use Click for link