Flow cytometry:MPAL
From haematologyetc.co.uk
| Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukaemia (MPAL) |
MPAL is uncommon (2-3% of acute leukaemia). Flow cytometry provides initial evidence of MPAL. However conclusions may subsequently be modified (e.g. by results of immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, or genetics). It is important that the provisional nature of flow cytometry assignment of MPAL is acknowledged.
Types and frequency of MPAL types
(1) MPAL with features of Myeloid and B-lineage (MPAL M/B) (>50% cases)
(2) MPAL with features of Myeloid and T-lineage (MPAL M/T) (>33% cases)
(3) MPAL with combinations: MPAL B/T (rare) or B/T/M (very rare)
(4) Following further analysis cases may be assigned additionally as:
- MPAL with t(9;22) (q34.1;q11.2); BCR-ABL1;
- MPAL with t(v;11q23.3); with KMT2A re-arrangement
To diagnose MPAL, the leukaemia should meet at least two of the three criteria below:
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| Criteria to assign myeloid lineage | |
|---|---|
| Click here to review criteria for myeloid lineage assignment | |
| Criteria to assign B-lymphoid lineage | |
| Click here to review criteria for B-lymphoid lineage assignment | |
| Criteria to assign T-lymphoid lineage | |
| Click here to review criteria for T-lymphoid lineage assignment |