Extra: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 20:53, 13 June 2023

Summary

CD138 is a marker used to identify normal or malignant plasma cells with a high level of specificity, but does not discriminate normal from abnormal plasma cells and in some cases expression in myeloma may be low compared with normal plasma cells so sensitivity can be an issue. Abberancy of expression is low, but expression may be seen in lymphoplamacytic or marginal zone lymphomas (only on those cells that have plasma cell differentiation)

Normal expression and function

CD138 is a membrane protein that supports cell adhesion or binds cytokines and chemokines. In the hematopoietic system expression of CD138 is acquired by B lymphocytes as they develop into plasma cells.

Diagnostic role

Most often CD138 used in conjunction with CD38 to identify plasma cells in the diagnosis or monitoring of myeloma
There is very little aberrant expression, but neoplastic plasma cells may in some cases have weak, variable, or occasionally undetectable expression
Expression is also seen cells that have plasmacytic differentiation in lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma or marginal zone lymphoma

Other useful information

Outside of haematopoiesis CD138 is expressed by squamous epithelium.

SUMMARY TABLES

Expression: primitive cell types Click (i) on table for additional information
AML	B ALL	Burkitt	T ALL	ETP ALL (i)	MPAL (i)	H.gones (i)
<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%

Expression: mature B cell neoplasms
CLL	MCL	FL	MZL	HCL	DLBCL	LPL	PCL
<5%	<5%	<5%	5-20%	<5%	5-20%	40-80%	80-100%

Notes: expression is usual in myeloma, and will occur on cells with plasma cell differentiation in LPL or MZL

Expression: mature T cell neoplasms
ATLL	CTCL Sezary	T-PLL	T-LGL	NK-LGL
limited	limited	limited	limited	limited

Notes: limited reports are consistent with expression being very uncommon in T-lymphoproliferative disorders

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-mpo (myeloperoxidase)
-An indicator of granulocytic maturation that in acute leukaemia is highly specificity for the diagnosis of aml. expression should not be observed in typical all but mpo can contribute to a diagnosis of mixed-phenotype acute leukaemia mpal.  note  that although specific for aml expression may not occur on more primitive aml forms or where maturation is non-granulocytic e.g. monocytic erythroid or megakaryocyte lineages
+<div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em;  margin-right: 5px;">
-normal function and expression
-myeloperoxidase is a lysosomal enzyme that produces hypochlorous acid from hydrogen peroxide during the neutrophil neutrophil respiratory burst these reactive compounds are used by the neutrophil to kill pathogens. mpo is present in neutrophils and eosinophils at all stages of maturation and developing basophils. mpo staining is seen in monocytes but at low intensity. erythroid precursors and lymphocytes are mpo-negative.
+:<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span>
+:CD138 is a marker used to identify normal or malignant plasma cells with a high level of specificity, but does not discriminate normal from abnormal plasma cells and in some cases expression in myeloma may be low compared with normal plasma cells so sensitivity can be an issue. Abberancy of expression is low, but expression may be seen in lymphoplamacytic or marginal zone lymphomas (only on those cells that have plasma cell differentiation)
-what is its diagnostic role
-*as a diagnostic antibody in aml expressed in around 60% of aml cases generally those with granulocytic maturation weakly expressed by promonocytes. *in otherwise typical all a small number of mpo-expressing cells is allowed precise criteria vary but generally 5% In cases with mixed phenotype acute leukaemia mpal expression of mpo can alone be used to establish myeloid lineage
+</div>
-other relevant information
-technically enzymatic measures of mpo either mpo cytochemistry or sudan black b are probably least sensitive. flow cytometric detection of mpo has lower sensitivy than immunohistochemical detection on trephine this may be because ihc detects expression ofprecursor enzyme form of mpo as well as thefunctional form . if there is doubt about the level of expression then ich on trephine biopsies can be useful.
-summary tables
-expression by acute leukaemias and by haematogones
+<span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span>
-rare pro-ball
-rare early pre-ball
-rare pre-ball
-rare ball
-rare pro-tall
-rare mature-tall
-mod aml *
-rare haemato-gones
-*  *inamlmpoishighly specific fordiagnosis butisnotdetected inallcases  2.
-expression byb-lymphoproliferative disorders
+CD138 is a membrane protein that supports cell adhesion or binds cytokines and chemokines. In the hematopoietic system expression of CD138 is acquired by B lymphocytes as they develop into plasma cells.
-rare cll*
-rare pll
-rare mcl
-rare fl
-rare hcl
+<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span>
-rare hclv
-rare mzl
+*Most often CD138 used in conjunction with CD38 to identify plasma cells in the diagnosis or monitoring of myeloma
-rare lpl
+*There is very little aberrant expression, but neoplastic plasma cells may in some cases have weak, variable, or occasionally undetectable expression
-rare pcs
+*Expression is also seen cells that have plasmacytic differentiation in lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma or marginal zone lymphoma
+<span style="color:navy">'''Other useful information'''</span>
+Outside of haematopoiesis CD138 is expressed by squamous epithelium.
+----
+<span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span>
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 87.5%; height 20px;"
+|-
+!colspan="7"|<span style="font-size:100%">'''Expression: primitive cell types'''  ''Click (i) on table for additional information'' </span></font>
+|-
+! AML !! B ALL !! Burkitt || T ALL !! ETP ALL ('''[[Early T Precursor ALL (ETP-ALL)|i]]''') !! MPAL ('''[[Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukaemia (MPAL)|i]]) || H.gones ('''[[Haematogones|i]]''')
+|-
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|-
+|}
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 100%; height 20px;"
+|-
+!colspan="8"|'''Expression: mature B cell neoplasms'''
+|-
+! CLL !! MCL !!FL!! MZL !! HCL !! DLBCL || LPL !! PCL
+|-
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #66e0ff; color:black"|5-20%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #66e0ff; color:black"|5-20%
+|style="width: 14.25%; background: #006699; color:white"|40-80%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #004466; color:white"|80-100%
+|-
+|}
+<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' expression is usual in myeloma, and will occur on cells with plasma cell differentiation in LPL or MZL</span>
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 62.4%; height 40px;"
+|-
+!colspan="7"|'''Expression: mature T cell neoplasms'''
+|-
+! ATLL !! CTCL Sezary !! T-PLL !! T-LGL !! NK-LGL
+|-
+|style= "width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
+|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
+|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
+|style= "width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
+|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
+|-
+|}
+<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' limited reports are consistent with expression being very uncommon in T-lymphoproliferative disorders</span>
+----

Extra: Difference between revisions

From haematologyetc.co.uk

Latest revision as of 20:53, 13 June 2023