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:<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span>
:<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span>


:Principally a marker of cell activation that is expressed by a range of haematopoietic lineages, The expression of CD25 has value in the diagnosis of several disorders although in each case expression is not fully specific and the level of expression may be key to diagnosis
:CD138 is a marker used to identify normal or malignant plasma cells with a high level of specificity, but does not discriminate normal from abnormal plasma cells and in some cases expression in myeloma may be low compared with normal plasma cells so sensitivity can be an issue. Abberancy of expression is low, but expression may be seen in lymphoplamacytic or marginal zone lymphomas (only on those cells that have plasma cell differentiation)
:*High levels of CD25 are typical in hairy cell leukaemia
:*CD25 is expressed by many malignant mast cells
:*CD25 expression is useful in the identification of Adult T Cell Leukaemia Lymphoma (ATLL)


   
   
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<span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span>


<span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span>
CD138 is a membrane protein that supports cell adhesion or binds cytokines and chemokines. In the hematopoietic system expression of CD138 is acquired by B lymphocytes as they develop into plasma cells.


CD25 is one subunit (alpha subunit) of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL2), CD25 has broad expression in the immune system but is most frequently a features of cell activation. CD25 associates with a beta subunit on memory T cells and NK cells or with beta and gamma subunits on activated or regulatory T cells to increase its affinity for IL-2 and allowing the activation of intracellular signals that cause cell activation.




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<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span>  
<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span>  


CD25 may be expressed by a range of malignant cells; for example many cases of CLL, but detection has value in specific circumstances
*Most often CD138 used in conjunction with CD38 to identify plasma cells in the diagnosis or monitoring of myeloma
* CD25 is expressed by most cases of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) with less expression by related disorders such as splenic marginal zone lymphoma
*There is very little aberrant expression, but neoplastic plasma cells may in some cases have weak, variable, or occasionally undetectable expression
* The malignant mast cells of systemic mastocytosis express CD25, while normal mast cells generally do not
*Expression is also seen cells that have plasmacytic differentiation in lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma or marginal zone lymphoma   
* CD25 is strongly expressed by the neoplastic T cells in adult T cell leukaemia lymphoma (ATLL) although it is expressed also in other T cell disorders notably T-PLL and Sézary syndrome
* CD25 should may also be expressed in AML (around 10%) and in ALL (around 30% and particularly in cases expressing  BCR::ABL1)  






<span style="color:navy">'''Other relevant information:'''</span>  
<span style="color:navy">'''Other useful information'''</span>  
 
In a histlogical context CD25 has a wider diagnostic use staining anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and high frequency and in Hodgkin disease. 


Outside of haematopoiesis CD138 is expressed by squamous epithelium.


----
----


<span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span>
<span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span>




<span style="font-size:90%">'''Note''' The colour and % refer to the proportion of cases expressing the marker. Additional comments on strength, or site of expression (if relevant) are given below the table. For full details of key click [[Key to marker expression table|here]]. For further information about a particular disease state click <<span style="color:blue>'''I'''</span>> adjacent to the condition name</span>
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 87.5%; height 20px;"
 
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 100%; height 20px;"
|-
|-
!colspan="8"|<span style="font-size:100%">'''Expression in primitive cell types'''</font>
!colspan="7"|<span style="font-size:100%">'''Expression: primitive cell types''' ''Click (i) on table for additional information'' </span></font>
|-  
|-  
! AML !! CMML !! B ALL !! Burkitt || T ALL !! ETP ALL <'''[[ETP ALL|I]]'''> !! MPAL <'''[[MPAL|I]]'''> || Hgns <'''[[Hgns|I]]'''>
! AML !! B ALL !! Burkitt || T ALL !! ETP ALL ('''[[Early T Precursor ALL (ETP-ALL)|i]]''') !! MPAL ('''[[Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukaemia (MPAL)|i]]) || H.gones ('''[[Haematogones|i]]''')
|-
|-
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ##66e0ff; color:black"|5-20%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
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|}
|}


<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' xxxxx </span>




{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 100%; height 20px;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 100%; height 20px;"
|-
|-
!colspan="8"|'''Expression in mature B cell neoplasms'''
!colspan="8"|'''Expression: mature B cell neoplasms'''
|-  
|-  
! CLL !! MCL !!FL!! MZL !! HCL !! DLBCL || LPL !! PCL
! CLL !! MCL !!FL!! MZL !! HCL !! DLBCL || LPL !! PCL
|-
|-
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #66e0ff; color:black"|5-20%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #66e0ff; color:black"|5-20%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 14.25%; background: #006699; color:white"|40-80%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #004466; color:white"|80-100%
|-
|-
|}
|}


<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' xxxxx </span>
<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' expression is usual in myeloma, and will occur on cells with plasma cell differentiation in LPL or MZL</span>




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{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 62.4%; height 40px;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 62.4%; height 40px;"
|-
|-
!colspan="7"|'''Expression in mature T cell neoplasms*'''
!colspan="7"|'''Expression: mature T cell neoplasms'''
|-  
|-  
! ATLL !! CTCL/Sezary !! T-PLL !! T-LGL !! NK-LGL
! ATLL !! CTCL Sezary !! T-PLL !! T-LGL !! NK-LGL
|-
|-
|style="width: 14.25%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style= "width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 14.25%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 14.25%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 14.25%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style= "width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 14.25%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|-
|-
|}
|}


<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' xxxxx </span>
<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' limited reports are consistent with expression being very uncommon in T-lymphoproliferative disorders</span>
 
----
----
Summary Tables 
1. expression by acuTe leukaemias and by haemaTogones
file rare pro-b all
rare early pre-b all 
rare  pre-b all 
rare  early b all 
rare  pro-T all 
rare  maTure-T all 
poss  aml* 
rare  haemaTo-gones   
* expression is reporTed To be associaTed wiTh  BCR-ABL1 
2. expression by b-lymphoproliferaTive disorders
poss  cll 
poss  pll 
mod  mcl 
mod  fl 
hi  hcl 
poss  hclv 
rare  mzl 
freq  lpl 
rare  pcs   
considered a sTrong indicaTor of hcl allowing discriminaTion from hclv and mzl

Latest revision as of 20:53, 13 June 2023


Summary
CD138 is a marker used to identify normal or malignant plasma cells with a high level of specificity, but does not discriminate normal from abnormal plasma cells and in some cases expression in myeloma may be low compared with normal plasma cells so sensitivity can be an issue. Abberancy of expression is low, but expression may be seen in lymphoplamacytic or marginal zone lymphomas (only on those cells that have plasma cell differentiation)



Normal expression and function

CD138 is a membrane protein that supports cell adhesion or binds cytokines and chemokines. In the hematopoietic system expression of CD138 is acquired by B lymphocytes as they develop into plasma cells.



Diagnostic role

  • Most often CD138 used in conjunction with CD38 to identify plasma cells in the diagnosis or monitoring of myeloma
  • There is very little aberrant expression, but neoplastic plasma cells may in some cases have weak, variable, or occasionally undetectable expression
  • Expression is also seen cells that have plasmacytic differentiation in lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma or marginal zone lymphoma


Other useful information

Outside of haematopoiesis CD138 is expressed by squamous epithelium.

SUMMARY TABLES


Expression: primitive cell types Click (i) on table for additional information
AML B ALL Burkitt T ALL ETP ALL (i) MPAL (i) H.gones (i)
<5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5%


Expression: mature B cell neoplasms
CLL MCL FL MZL HCL DLBCL LPL PCL
<5% <5% <5% 5-20% <5% 5-20% 40-80% 80-100%

Notes: expression is usual in myeloma, and will occur on cells with plasma cell differentiation in LPL or MZL


Expression: mature T cell neoplasms
ATLL CTCL Sezary T-PLL T-LGL NK-LGL
limited limited limited limited limited

Notes: limited reports are consistent with expression being very uncommon in T-lymphoproliferative disorders

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