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:<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span>
:<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span>


:Principally a marker of cell activation that is expressed by a range of haematopoietic lineages, CD25 has value in the diagnosis of several disorders although in each CD25 expression is not fuly specific.
:CD138 is a marker used to identify normal or malignant plasma cells with a high level of specificity, but does not discriminate normal from abnormal plasma cells and in some cases expression in myeloma may be low compared with normal plasma cells so sensitivity can be an issue. Abberancy of expression is low, but expression may be seen in lymphoplamacytic or marginal zone lymphomas (only on those cells that have plasma cell differentiation)
:*CD25 has recognised value in The diagnosis of hairy cell leukaemia
:*CD25 recognises malignanT mast cells  
:*CD25 exression may have value in the identification of Adult T Cell Leukaemia Lymphoma (ATLL)


   
   
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<span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span>


<span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span>
CD138 is a membrane protein that supports cell adhesion or binds cytokines and chemokines. In the hematopoietic system expression of CD138 is acquired by B lymphocytes as they develop into plasma cells.


CD25 is The alpha subunit of The inTerleukin 2 receptor (IL2), when associaTed wiTh its beta subunit on memory T cells or NK cells, or with beta and gamma subunits expressed by activated T cells or regulatory T cells, its affinity for IL-2 is progressively increased allowing the activation of intracellular signals causing cell activation. Although it has broad expression in the immune system it is most frequently a features of cell activation. 




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<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span>  
<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span>  


CD25 may be expressed by a range of malignant cells including for example many cases of CLL . It does however have value in specific circumsTances
*Most often CD138 used in conjunction with CD38 to identify plasma cells in the diagnosis or monitoring of myeloma
* CD25 is expressed by most cases of hairy cell leukemia and is not generally expressed by variant hairy cell leukemia or splenic marginal zone lymphoma
*There is very little aberrant expression, but neoplastic plasma cells may in some cases have weak, variable, or occasionally undetectable expression
* The malignanT mast cells of sysTemic mastocyTosis express CD25 normal mast cells generally do not
*Expression is also seen cells that have plasmacytic differentiation in lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma or marginal zone lymphoma  
* CD25 is strongly expressed by The neoplastic T cells in adulT T cell leukemia lymphoma ATLL alThough it is expressed also in oTher T cell disorders notably T-PLL and sezary syndrome
* CD25 should noT be considered as lineage or sTage-specific. For example expression is seen both in AML possibly 10% and in ALL 30% - parTicularly in cases expressing  BCR::ABL1  






<span style="color:navy">'''Other relevant information:'''</span>  
<span style="color:navy">'''Other useful information'''</span>  
 
In a histlogical conText The marker has a wider diagnostic use in tissue lymphoma sections, staining is seen in anaplasTic large cell lymphoma wiTh high frequency and in Hodgkin disease. 


Outside of haematopoiesis CD138 is expressed by squamous epithelium.


----
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<span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span>
<span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span>




<span style="font-size:90%">'''Note''' The colour and % refer to the proportion of cases expressing the marker. Additional comments on strength, or site of expression (if relevant) are given below the table. For full details of key click [[Key to marker expression table|here]]. For further information about a particular disease state click <<span style="color:blue>'''I'''</span>> adjacent to the condition name</span>
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 87.5%; height 20px;"
 
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 100%; height 20px;"
|-
|-
!colspan="8"|<span style="font-size:100%">'''Expression in primitive cell types'''</font>
!colspan="7"|<span style="font-size:100%">'''Expression: primitive cell types''' ''Click (i) on table for additional information'' </span></font>
|-  
|-  
! AML !! CMML !! B ALL !! Burkitt || T ALL !! ETP ALL <'''[[ETP ALL|I]]'''> !! MPAL <'''[[MPAL|I]]'''> || Hgns <'''[[Hgns|I]]'''>
! AML !! B ALL !! Burkitt || T ALL !! ETP ALL ('''[[Early T Precursor ALL (ETP-ALL)|i]]''') !! MPAL ('''[[Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukaemia (MPAL)|i]]) || H.gones ('''[[Haematogones|i]]''')
|-
|-
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|-
|-
|}
|}


<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' xxxxx </span>




{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 100%; height 20px;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 100%; height 20px;"
|-
|-
!colspan="8"|'''Expression in mature B cell neoplasms'''
!colspan="8"|'''Expression: mature B cell neoplasms'''
|-  
|-  
! CLL !! MCL !!FL!! MZL !! HCL !! DLBCL || LPL !! PCL
! CLL !! MCL !!FL!! MZL !! HCL !! DLBCL || LPL !! PCL
|-
|-
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #66e0ff; color:black"|5-20%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #66e0ff; color:black"|5-20%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 14.25%; background: #006699; color:white"|40-80%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #004466; color:white"|80-100%
|-
|-
|}
|}


<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' xxxxx </span>
<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' expression is usual in myeloma, and will occur on cells with plasma cell differentiation in LPL or MZL</span>




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{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 62.4%; height 40px;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 62.4%; height 40px;"
|-
|-
!colspan="7"|'''Expression in mature T cell neoplasms*'''
!colspan="7"|'''Expression: mature T cell neoplasms'''
|-  
|-  
! ATLL !! CTCL/Sezary !! T-PLL !! T-LGL !! NK-LGL
! ATLL !! CTCL Sezary !! T-PLL !! T-LGL !! NK-LGL
|-
|-
|style="width: 14.25%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style= "width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 14.25%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 14.25%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 14.25%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style= "width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 14.25%; background: ?#FFE4E1 5#E6FAFF 20#66e0ff 40#00b8e6 80#006699;100#004466; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|-
|-
|}
|}


<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' xxxxx </span>
<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' limited reports are consistent with expression being very uncommon in T-lymphoproliferative disorders</span>
 
----
----

Latest revision as of 20:53, 13 June 2023


Summary
CD138 is a marker used to identify normal or malignant plasma cells with a high level of specificity, but does not discriminate normal from abnormal plasma cells and in some cases expression in myeloma may be low compared with normal plasma cells so sensitivity can be an issue. Abberancy of expression is low, but expression may be seen in lymphoplamacytic or marginal zone lymphomas (only on those cells that have plasma cell differentiation)



Normal expression and function

CD138 is a membrane protein that supports cell adhesion or binds cytokines and chemokines. In the hematopoietic system expression of CD138 is acquired by B lymphocytes as they develop into plasma cells.



Diagnostic role

  • Most often CD138 used in conjunction with CD38 to identify plasma cells in the diagnosis or monitoring of myeloma
  • There is very little aberrant expression, but neoplastic plasma cells may in some cases have weak, variable, or occasionally undetectable expression
  • Expression is also seen cells that have plasmacytic differentiation in lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma or marginal zone lymphoma


Other useful information

Outside of haematopoiesis CD138 is expressed by squamous epithelium.

SUMMARY TABLES


Expression: primitive cell types Click (i) on table for additional information
AML B ALL Burkitt T ALL ETP ALL (i) MPAL (i) H.gones (i)
<5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5%


Expression: mature B cell neoplasms
CLL MCL FL MZL HCL DLBCL LPL PCL
<5% <5% <5% 5-20% <5% 5-20% 40-80% 80-100%

Notes: expression is usual in myeloma, and will occur on cells with plasma cell differentiation in LPL or MZL


Expression: mature T cell neoplasms
ATLL CTCL Sezary T-PLL T-LGL NK-LGL
limited limited limited limited limited

Notes: limited reports are consistent with expression being very uncommon in T-lymphoproliferative disorders

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