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CD10


*CD10  expressed  early pre-B ALL, but also has wide expression on all subtypes notably also on being expressed by Burkitt lymphoma, and many cases of T-ALL
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*CD10 is also found on normal developing B-lymphocytes (haematogones) which may be found very frequently in regenerating marrows
*In lymphoproliferative disorders CD10  is consistently expressed by follicular lymphoma, but this is not fully specific and the marker may rarely be found on other lymphoproliferative cell types. 




Normal expression and function
:<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span>


CD10  inactivates small peptide hormones but function varies with different roles within the lymphoid and myeloid systems. CD10  For lymphoid cells expression of CD10 broadly correlates with periods of proliferation so it is expressed from the early pre-B cell stage then is lost as B cells leave the bone marrow before becoming re-acquired by B cells within the reactive germinal centres - secondary follicles . In contrast within the myeloid system CD10 is expressed on mature neutrophils but not maturing myeloid cells . 
:CD138 is a marker used to identify normal or malignant plasma cells with a high level of specificity, but does not discriminate normal from abnormal plasma cells and in some cases expression in myeloma may be low compared with normal plasma cells so sensitivity can be an issue. Abberancy of expression is low, but expression may be seen in lymphoplamacytic or marginal zone lymphomas (only on those cells that have plasma cell differentiation)


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diagnostic role 


1.  lymphoproliferative disorders  CD10  considered to be a marker of follicular lymphoma where expression  consistent and strong. however other lymphoproliferative disorders cll hcl mcl lpl mzl pcl all may express CD10 occasionally 10 . 


2.  acute leukaemia  b lineage all CD10  absent from pro-b all but  consistently expressed by later forms particularly early pre-b all common all and most cases of burkitt lymphoma;  pre-b all CD10 may not be expressed. approximately 30 of cases of t-all express CD10 but expression  aml  rare. 
<span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span>


3. haematogones  the primitive maturing b cells of regenerating marrow consistently express CD10 at all stages of their maturation it  important to distinguish these from all.
CD138 is a membrane protein that supports cell adhesion or binds cytokines and chemokines. In the hematopoietic system expression of CD138 is acquired by B lymphocytes as they develop into plasma cells.




other relevant information    histopathology CD10 expression  important  a range of diagnoses including many solid tumour types.  lymphoma it  particularly valuable  the recognition of angioimmunoblastic t cell lymphoma aitl and for dlbcl abc type .




summary tables expression by acute leukaemias and by haematogones file rareepng  pro-b all  link flow cytometry key file hiepng  early pre-b all  link flow cytometry key file freqepng  pre-b all  link flow cytometry key file freqepng  b all  link flow cytometry key file rareepng  pro-t all link flow cytometry key file possepng  mature-t all  link flow cytometry key file rareepng  aml  link flow cytometry key file hiepng  haemato-gones * link flow cytometry key expression by b-lymphoproliferative disorders file possepng frame  cll  link flow cytometry key file possepng  pll  link flow cytometry key file possepng  mcl  link flow cytometry key file hiepng  fl  link flow cytometry key file possepng  hcl  link flow cytometry key file possepng  hclv  link flow cytometry key file possepng  mzl  link flow cytometry key file possepng  lpl  link flow cytometry key file possepng  pcs  link flow cytometry key  *  typical of fl ---- key  the indicated expression frequency indicates the approximate frequency of occurrence  each particular disease type. file rareepng 30px link rare 5 file possepng 30px link possible 5-20 file modepng 30px link likely 20-40 file freqepng 30px link frequent 40-80 file hiepng 30px link expected 80 where expression level  unusual or characteristic of a disorder this  indicated by text '),
<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span>
 
*Most often CD138 used in conjunction with CD38 to identify plasma cells in the diagnosis or monitoring of myeloma
*There is very little aberrant expression, but neoplastic plasma cells may in some cases have weak, variable, or occasionally undetectable expression
*Expression is also seen cells that have plasmacytic differentiation in lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma or marginal zone lymphoma  
 
 
 
<span style="color:navy">'''Other useful information'''</span>
 
Outside of haematopoiesis CD138 is expressed by squamous epithelium.
 
----
 
<span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span>
 
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 87.5%; height 20px;"
|-
!colspan="7"|<span style="font-size:100%">'''Expression: primitive cell types''' ''Click (i) on table for additional information'' </span></font>
|-  
! AML !! B ALL !! Burkitt || T ALL !! ETP ALL ('''[[Early T Precursor ALL (ETP-ALL)|i]]''') !! MPAL ('''[[Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukaemia (MPAL)|i]]) || H.gones ('''[[Haematogones|i]]''')
|-
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|-
|}
 
 
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 100%; height 20px;"
|-
!colspan="8"|'''Expression: mature B cell neoplasms'''
|-  
! CLL !! MCL !!FL!! MZL !! HCL !! DLBCL || LPL !! PCL
|-
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #66e0ff; color:black"|5-20%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #66e0ff; color:black"|5-20%
|style="width: 14.25%; background: #006699; color:white"|40-80%
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #004466; color:white"|80-100%
|-
|}
 
<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' expression is usual in myeloma, and will occur on cells with plasma cell differentiation in LPL or MZL</span>
 
 
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 62.4%; height 40px;"
|-
!colspan="7"|'''Expression: mature T cell neoplasms'''
|-
! ATLL !! CTCL Sezary !! T-PLL !! T-LGL !! NK-LGL
|-
|style= "width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style= "width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|-
|}
 
<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' limited reports are consistent with expression being very uncommon in T-lymphoproliferative disorders</span>
----

Latest revision as of 20:53, 13 June 2023


Summary
CD138 is a marker used to identify normal or malignant plasma cells with a high level of specificity, but does not discriminate normal from abnormal plasma cells and in some cases expression in myeloma may be low compared with normal plasma cells so sensitivity can be an issue. Abberancy of expression is low, but expression may be seen in lymphoplamacytic or marginal zone lymphomas (only on those cells that have plasma cell differentiation)



Normal expression and function

CD138 is a membrane protein that supports cell adhesion or binds cytokines and chemokines. In the hematopoietic system expression of CD138 is acquired by B lymphocytes as they develop into plasma cells.



Diagnostic role

  • Most often CD138 used in conjunction with CD38 to identify plasma cells in the diagnosis or monitoring of myeloma
  • There is very little aberrant expression, but neoplastic plasma cells may in some cases have weak, variable, or occasionally undetectable expression
  • Expression is also seen cells that have plasmacytic differentiation in lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma or marginal zone lymphoma


Other useful information

Outside of haematopoiesis CD138 is expressed by squamous epithelium.

SUMMARY TABLES


Expression: primitive cell types Click (i) on table for additional information
AML B ALL Burkitt T ALL ETP ALL (i) MPAL (i) H.gones (i)
<5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5%


Expression: mature B cell neoplasms
CLL MCL FL MZL HCL DLBCL LPL PCL
<5% <5% <5% 5-20% <5% 5-20% 40-80% 80-100%

Notes: expression is usual in myeloma, and will occur on cells with plasma cell differentiation in LPL or MZL


Expression: mature T cell neoplasms
ATLL CTCL Sezary T-PLL T-LGL NK-LGL
limited limited limited limited limited

Notes: limited reports are consistent with expression being very uncommon in T-lymphoproliferative disorders

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