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<span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span>


<div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em;  margin-right: 5px;">


{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 100%; height 20px;"
|-
!colspan="7"|<span style="font-size:100%">'''CD13 expression: primitive cell types'''</font>
|-
! AML !! B ALL !! Burkitt || T ALL !! ETP ALL ('''[[ETP ALL|i]]''') !! MPAL '''[[MPAL|i]] || Hgns '''[[Hgns|i]]'''
|-
|style="width: 14.25%; background: #FFE4E1 #E6FAFF #66e0ff #00b8e6 #006699; color:white black"|Limited Rare Possible Likely Frequent Expected
|style="width: 14.25%; background: #FFE4E1 #E6FAFF #66e0ff #00b8e6 #006699; color:white black"|? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100%
|style="width: 14.25%; background:#66e0ff; color:black"|Possible
|style="width: 14.25%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|Rare
|style="width: 14.25%; background: #00b8e6; color:black"|Likely
|style="width: 14.25%; background: #00b8e6; color:black"|Likely
|style="width: 14.25%; background: #66e0ff; color:black"|Possible
|-
|}


<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' The main application is in AML (see notes for expression). Aberrant expression is seen in ALL - particularly in B-lineage, although it may be less likely in Burkitt lymphoma. CD13 is not generally expressed in T-ALL, but in the correct context CD13 expression can indicate MPAL or ETP-ALL. CD13 is reported to be expressed by some haematognes (click (i) for additional information)
:<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span>


:CD45 is expressed by almost all mature or maturing leucocytes, often called: "leukocyte common antigen".


{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 100%; height 20px;"
:Usefully, the level of expression of CD45 differs according to both the cell type it is expressed on, and the maturation stage of that cell. Generally the expression for any cell type is quite consistent. This means that, when combined with other flow cytometry parameters (typically side-scatter of light) CD45 can be used to identify and select different leukocyte populations that can then be analysed individually: '''CD45 gating'''
|-
!colspan="7"|'''CD13 expression: mature B cell neoplasms*'''
|-
! CLL !! MCL !!FL!! MZL !! HCL !! LPL !! PCL
|-
|style= "width: 14.2%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|rare
|style="width: 14.2%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|rare
|style="width: 14.2%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|rare
|style= "width: 14.2%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|rare
|style="width: 14.2%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|rare
|style="width: 14.2%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|rare
|style="width: 14.2%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|rare
|-
|}


<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' overall expression is uncommon in mature B-lymphoproliferative disorders, but may occur at plasma cell differentiation</span>


</div>




{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 71.4%; height 40px;"
:<span style="color:navy">'''Background'''</span>
|-
!colspan="7"|'''CD13 expression: mature T cell neoplasms*'''
|-
! ATLL !! CTCL/Sezary !! T-PLL !! T-LGL !! NK-LGL
|-
|style= "width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style= "width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|style="width: 20%; background: #FFE4E1; color:black"|limited
|-
|}


<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' There is limited published evidence, but reports suggest expression of CD13 is uncommon in mature T cell malignancy</span>
CD45 is a transmembrane protein that de-phosphorylates signalling molecules associated with immunological receptors to change their activation state. Expression is therefore typically highest in cells actively involved in immune processes e.g. lymphocytes and monocytes and is lower in other populations including blast cells.
 
 
:<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic Use'''</span>
 
When combined with side scatter in two-dimensional dot plots CD45 expression can allow different leukocyte types to be separately identified and analysed (CD45 gating). This can be very useful for analysis of individual populations of interest e.g. blast cells; lymphocytes etc.
 
'''NOTE''' some cell types - particularly plasma cells are not easy to identify using CD45 gating since their expression of CD45 can be variable between cases and even within a single case.


----
----


'''KEY'''
The appearance of CD45 plots varies with flow cytometer and also with laboratory preferences, however to illustrate how CD45 may be used to identify cells an example is given below: CD45 fluorescent intensity (log scale) on X-axis, Side scatter parameters linear scale on Y-axis. Cells then are separated according to the intensity of CD45 expression, but also according to side scatter parameters (irregularity of cytoplasm, nucleus, granularity etc) 
 
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="300px" heights="300px" border="1px" >
file:CD45_populations.jpg|link={{filepath:CD45_populations.jpg}}
</gallery>


<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="240px" border="1px" >
file:CD45-PopA.jpg|'''Population A''' debris, platelets, unlysed red cells|link={{filepath:CD45-PopA.jpg}}
file:CD45-PopB.jpg|'''Population B''' granulocytic cells|link={{filepath:CD45-PopB.jpg}}
file:CD45-PopC.jpg|'''Population C''' monocytic cells|link={{filepath:CD45-PopC.jpg}}
file:CD45-PopD.jpg|'''Population D''' lymphoid cells|link={{filepath:CD45-PopD.jpg}}
file:CD45-PopE.jpg|'''Population E''' blast cells|link={{filepath:CD45-PopE.jpg}}
</gallery>


<span style="font-size:80%">'''''1. Colour key:''''' ''- the likelihood of any individual case expressing this marker, indicated by colour:''
</span>




{| class=wikitable style="text-align: left; font-size:80%; width: 25%; height: 30px;
-----
|style= "width: 16.6%; background: #FFE4E1; |There are few reported studies (likely <5%)
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: left; font-size:80%; width: 25%; height: 30px;
|style= "width: 16.6%; background: #E6FAFF; |Expression is rare (<5% of cases)
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: left; font-size:80%; width: 25%; height: 30px;
|style="width: 16.6%; background: #66e0ff;"|Expression is seen in some cases (5-20%)
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: left; font-size:80%; width: 25%; height: 30px;
|style="width: 16.6%; background: #00b8e6;"|Expression is likely (20-40% of cases)
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: left; font-size:80%; width: 25%; height: 30px;
|style="width: 16.6%; background: #006699; color:white"|Epression is frequent (40-80%)
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: left; font-size:80%; width: 25%; height: 30px;
|style="width: 16.6%; background: #004466; color:white"|Expect expression in most cases (80-100%)
|}

Latest revision as of 16:56, 13 July 2023


Summary
CD45 is expressed by almost all mature or maturing leucocytes, often called: "leukocyte common antigen".
Usefully, the level of expression of CD45 differs according to both the cell type it is expressed on, and the maturation stage of that cell. Generally the expression for any cell type is quite consistent. This means that, when combined with other flow cytometry parameters (typically side-scatter of light) CD45 can be used to identify and select different leukocyte populations that can then be analysed individually: CD45 gating



Background

CD45 is a transmembrane protein that de-phosphorylates signalling molecules associated with immunological receptors to change their activation state. Expression is therefore typically highest in cells actively involved in immune processes e.g. lymphocytes and monocytes and is lower in other populations including blast cells.


Diagnostic Use

When combined with side scatter in two-dimensional dot plots CD45 expression can allow different leukocyte types to be separately identified and analysed (CD45 gating). This can be very useful for analysis of individual populations of interest e.g. blast cells; lymphocytes etc.

NOTE some cell types - particularly plasma cells are not easy to identify using CD45 gating since their expression of CD45 can be variable between cases and even within a single case.

The appearance of CD45 plots varies with flow cytometer and also with laboratory preferences, however to illustrate how CD45 may be used to identify cells an example is given below: CD45 fluorescent intensity (log scale) on X-axis, Side scatter parameters linear scale on Y-axis. Cells then are separated according to the intensity of CD45 expression, but also according to side scatter parameters (irregularity of cytoplasm, nucleus, granularity etc)

  • CD45 populations.jpg
  • Population A debris, platelets, unlysed red cells

    Population A debris, platelets, unlysed red cells

  • Population B granulocytic cells

    Population B granulocytic cells

  • Population C monocytic cells

    Population C monocytic cells

  • Population D lymphoid cells

    Population D lymphoid cells

  • Population E blast cells

    Population E blast cells


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