CD34
From haematologyetc.co.uk
- Summary
- Often regarded as a marker of primitive phenotype, CD34 is expressed by many cases of ALL (around 50%) and slightly fewer cases of AML around (40%). CD34 is also expressed by regenerating cells in marrow. It is particularly expressed by regenerating B lymphocytes (haematogones), but is generally absent from mature haematopoietic cells.
Normal expression and function
CD34 is a membrane protein that is likely to play a role in the retention of cells within the stem cell niche where it may also contribute to their subsequent maturation. CD34 is acquired at the stage of pluripotent stem cells and is retained by committed stem cells before being lost as the cells mature. CD34 is also expressed by mast cells and by some non-haematopoietic cells particularly endothelial cells.
Diagnostic role
- CD34 is commonly used to identify the primitive nature of early lymphoid or myeloid cells i.e. blast cells of ALL and AML
- Rare very primitive cases of acute leukaemia may be identified solely through their expression of CD34 and CD45
- CD45 is also expressed by regenerating cells in marrow and also by regenerating haematogones so caution is necessary in interpretation in regenerating marrows
Other relevant information:
Histopathologists often use CD34 to demonstrate the number of primitive cells in bone marrow trephine biopsies e.g. in the assessment of primitive cell number in myelodysplaia. However, a range of other cell types in bone marrow also express CD34 in marrow, and these include vascular endothelial cells and mast cells.
SUMMARY TABLES
Note The colour and % refer to the proportion of cases expressing the marker. Additional comments on strength, or site of expression (if relevant) are given below the table. For full details of key click here. For further information about a particular disease state click <I> adjacent to the condition name
Expression in primitive cell types | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AML | CMML | B ALL | Burkitt | T ALL | ETP ALL <I> | MPAL <I> | Hgns <I> |
40-80% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% |
Notes: xxxxx
Expression in mature B cell neoplasms | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CLL | MCL | FL | MZL | HCL | DLBCL | LPL | PCL |
? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% |
Notes: xxxxx
Expression in mature T cell neoplasms* | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATLL | CTCL/Sezary | T-PLL | T-LGL | NK-LGL | ||
? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% | ? <5% 5-20% 20-40% 40-80% 80-100% |
Notes: xxxxx