CD14: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 21:38, 4 July 2023

Summary

CD14 aids recognition of bacteria by cells of monocytic lineage, it is regarded as a pan-monocyte antigen. Expression of CD14 is not restricted to malignant cells as it is also expressed by normal and reactive monocytes

when expressed in aml CD14 is a marker of monocytic lineage, but absence of CD14 expression does not preclude monocytic lineage in AML and CMML since some typical monoblasts may not express this marker

Normal expression and function

Together with co-receptors cell surface, CD14 binds the bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) helping initiate cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response when bacteria are detected. CD14 is expressed mainly by monocytes dendritic cells and macrophages and to a much lower extent by neutrophils. CD14 is weakly expressed or absent on early monocytes, but expression becomes progressively stronger as the cells mature.

Diagnostic role

CD14 is a useful marker of monocytic lineage in aml

CD14 may be absent on less mature monoblasts, while in myelomonocytic lineage cells will express CD14 on the monocytic population of blasts

In cmml expression of CD14 is expected, so it does not distinguish cmml and monocytic aml

Expression is very uncommon on lymphoid lineage

Other relevant information:

CD14 is glycophosphoinositol gpi linked and will therefore be absent in cells affected by paraxysmol nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH)

SUMMARY TABLES

Note The colour and % refer to the proportion of cases expressing the marker. Additional comments on strength, or site of expression (if relevant) are given below the table. For full details of key click here. For further information about a particular disease state click <I> adjacent to the condition name

Expression in primitive cell types
AML	CMML	B ALL	BL	T ALL	ETP ALL	MPAL	Hgn
20-40%	80-100%	<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%

Notes: In aml CD14 expression defines monocytic lineage restriction but may be absent especially in more primitive monoblastic cases

Expression in mature B cell neoplasms
CLL	MCL	FL	MZL	HCL	DLBCL	LPL	PCL
<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%

Notes: Low level expression has been reported on activated lymphocytes, but it has no definite diagnostic role

Expression in mature T cell neoplasms
ATLL	CTCL/Sezary	T-PLL	T-LGL	NK-LGL
<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%	<5%

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-cd14 aids recognition of bacteria by cells of monocytic lineage. It may generally be regarded as a pan-monocyte antigen
-*when expressed in aml cd14 is a marker of monocytic lineage
-*absence of cd14 expression does not preclude monocytic lineage since some typical monoblasts do not express this marker
-*cd14 is not restricted to malignant cells and will be expressed by reactive monocytes and also by neoplastic cells of cmml
-normal expression and function
+<div style="background-color: #E0EEEE; {{round corners}} padding: 2em 2em;  margin-right: 5px;">
-Together with co-receptors cell surface cd14 binds the bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide lps helping initiate cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response when bacteria are detected. cd14 is anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol gpi tail attachment may be cleaved to release a soluble form. cd14 is expressed mainly by monocytes dendritic cells and macrophages and to a much lower extent by neutrophils . cd14 is weakly expressed or absent on early monocytes but expression becomes progressively stronger as the cells mature.
-diagnostic role
+:<span style="color:navy">'''Summary'''</span>
-cd14 is a useful marker of monocytic lineage in aml.
+:CD14 aids recognition of bacteria by cells of monocytic lineage, it is regarded as a pan-monocyte antigen. Expression of CD14 is not restricted to malignant cells as it is also expressed by normal and reactive monocytes
-*cases with myelomonocytic lineage will express cd14 on the monocytic population of blasts
-*cases with pure monocytic differentiation will generally express cd14 although it may be absent on less mature monoblasts.
-*expression is usual on cmml monocytes so it does not distinguish cmml and monocytic aml.
-*expression is very uncommon on lymphoid lineage with 5 expression by all cells.
-other relevant information
+:when expressed in aml CD14 is a marker of monocytic lineage, but absence of CD14 expression does not preclude monocytic lineage in AML and CMML since some typical monoblasts may not express this marker
-cd14 is glycophosphoinositol gpi linked and will therefore be absent in cells affected by paraxysmol nocturnal haemoglobinuria pnh .
-----
+</div>
-summary tables
-expression by acute leukaemias and by haematogones file rare.epng  pro-b all  link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  early pre-b all  link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  pre-b all  link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  b all  link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  pro-t all  link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  mature-t all  link flow cytometry key file freq.epng  aml  link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  haemato-gones  link flow cytometry key  notes   **in aml cd14 expression defines monocytic lineage restriction but may be absent especially in more primitive monoblastic cases  expression by b-lymphoproliferative disorders file rare.epng frame  cll  link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  pll  link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  mcl  link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  fl\' link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  hcl  link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  hclv  link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  mzl  link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  lpl  link flow cytometry key file rare.epng  pcs  link flow cytometry key ----  key  the indicated expression frequency indicates the approximate frequency of occurrence in each particular disease type. file rare.epng 30px link rare 5 file poss.epng 30px link possible 5-20 file mod.epng 30px link likely 20-40 file freq.epng 30px link frequent 40-80 file hi.epng 30px link expected 80 where expression level is unusual or characteristic of a disorder this is indicated by text ---- '),
+<span style="color:navy">'''Normal expression and function'''</span>
+Together with co-receptors cell surface, CD14 binds the bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) helping initiate cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response when bacteria are detected. CD14 is expressed mainly by monocytes dendritic cells and macrophages and to a much lower extent by neutrophils. CD14 is weakly expressed or absent on early monocytes, but expression becomes progressively stronger as the cells mature.
+<span style="color:navy">'''Diagnostic role'''</span>
+*CD14 is a useful marker of monocytic lineage in aml
+*CD14 may be absent on less mature monoblasts, while in myelomonocytic lineage cells will express CD14 on the monocytic population of blasts
+*In cmml expression of CD14 is expected, so it does not distinguish cmml and monocytic aml
+*Expression is very uncommon on lymphoid lineage
+<span style="color:navy">'''Other relevant information:'''</span>
+CD14 is glycophosphoinositol gpi linked and will therefore be absent in cells affected by paraxysmol nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH)
+----
+<span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span>
+<span style="font-size:90%">'''Note''' The colour and % refer to the proportion of cases expressing the marker. Additional comments on strength, or site of expression (if relevant) are given below the table. For full details of key click [[Key to marker expression table|here]]. For further information about a particular disease state click <<span style="color:blue>'''I'''</span>> adjacent to the condition name</span>
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 100%; height 20px;"
+|-
+!colspan="8"|'''Expression in primitive cell types'''</font>
+|- <span style="font-size:70%">
+!AML!!CMML !!B ALL !!BL ||T ALL !!ETP ALL !!MPAL ||Hgn</span>
+|-<span style="font-size:70%">
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #66e0ff; color:black"|20-40%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #004466; color:white"|80-100%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|-
+|}
+<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' In aml CD14 expression defines monocytic lineage restriction but may be absent especially in more primitive monoblastic cases   </span>
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 100%; height 20px;"
+|-
+!colspan="8"|'''Expression in mature B cell neoplasms'''
+|- <span style="font-size:70%">
+! CLL !! MCL !!FL!! MZL !! HCL !! DLBCL || LPL !! PCL
+|-<span style="font-size:70%">
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|-
+|}
+<span style="font-size:90%">'''Notes:''' Low level expression has been reported on activated lymphocytes, but it has no definite diagnostic role </span>
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 62.4%; height 40px;"
+|-
+!colspan="7"|'''Expression in mature T cell neoplasms'''
+|-
+! ATLL !! CTCL/Sezary !! T-PLL !! T-LGL !! NK-LGL
+|-
+|style="width: 14.25%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 14.25%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 14.25%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 14.25%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|style="width: 14.25%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5%
+|-
+|}
+----

CD14: Difference between revisions

From haematologyetc.co.uk

Latest revision as of 21:38, 4 July 2023