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Gallery of early trophozoites: Difference between revisions

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'''General Comments'''
<span style="font-size:95%">'''General Comments:''' At the very earliest point all trophozoites appear as ring forms and species differences are very difficult to distinguish - some "species specific" features may appear as parasites mature toward late trophozoite stages.</br></br>
 
This stage effectively runs continuously into the late trophozoite stage, at the very earliest point all parasites appear as ring forms and are very difficult to distinguish, with the "species specific" elements only appearing as they begin to mature. We have tried to illustrate this in the selected images. It is also worth noting that structures such as cytoplasmic dots are dependent on stain quality and may not be easily detected if not stained as per recommended protocols. Finally, note that the features looked for to assign species are not fully specific, and appearances such as double dot forms, multiply infected cells etc are simply more frequent in some species - for more information see the blue links in the descriptions.
   
   
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<span style="font-size:95%">''' ''P.falciparum'' '''</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">''' ''P.falciparum'' '''</span></br>
<span style="font-size:95%">Small delicate rings, within red cells of normal (or slightly crenated) appearance.</br>These may be the only forms seen in some patients at diagnosis.</br>Some parasite forms are typical though not exclusive of the species, these include: accolé forms, double chromatin dot forms, and multiple parasites within infected red cells.
<span style="font-size:90%">Small delicate rings, and these '''may be the only forms seen in some patients at diagnosis'''. Infected red cells have normal (or slightly crenated) appearance.</br>


<gallery mode="traditional" widths=200px heights=200px>
<gallery heights=200px widths=200px>
File:PFET1g.jpg|<span style="font-size:80%">Fine ring form</span>|link={{filepath:PFET1g.jpg}}
File:PFET1g.jpg|<span style="font-size:80%">Fine ring form</span>|link={{filepath:PFET1g.jpg}}
File:PFET2g.jpg|<span style="font-size:80%">Double dot form and normal ring</span>|link={{filepath:PFET2g.jpg}}
File:PFET2g.jpg|<span style="font-size:80%">Double dot form and normal ring</span>|link={{filepath:PFET2g.jpg}}
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<span style="font-size:95%">''' ''P.vivax'' '''</span></br>
<span style="font-size:95%">''' ''P.vivax'' '''</span></br>
<span style="font-size:95%">Rings begin as small forms in normal sized red cells, but as they develop both parasites and red cells become markedly enlarged and irregular. Schuffners dots develop during this stage initially as a fine dusting but becoming more prominent.
<span style="font-size:90%">Rings begin as small forms, but become larger asociated with enlarged distorted red cells as they develop. Schüffner's  dots will become present


<gallery mode="traditional" widths=200px heights=200px>
<gallery heights=200px widths=200px>
File:PVET1g.jpg|<span style="font-size:80%">Early ring form</span>|link={{filepath:PVET1g.jpg}}
File:PVET1g.jpg|<span style="font-size:80%">Early ring form</span>|link={{filepath:PVET1g.jpg}}
File:PVET2g.jpg|<span style="font-size:80%">Early ring form</span>|link={{filepath:PVET2g.jpg}}
File:PVET2g.jpg|<span style="font-size:80%">Early ring form with faint dots</span>|link={{filepath:PVET2g.jpg}}
File:PVET3g.jpg|<span style="font-size:80%">Intermediate trophozoite</span>|link={{filepath:PVET3g.jpg}}
File:PVET3g.jpg|<span style="font-size:80%">Llarge thickened ring trophozoite</span>|link={{filepath:PVET3g.jpg}}
File:PVET4g.jpg|<span style="font-size:80%">Intermediate/late trophozoite</span>|link={{filepath:PVET4g.jpg}}
File:PVET4g.jpg|<span style="font-size:80%">Distorted ting trophozoite and red cell, marked Schüffner's  dots</span>|link={{filepath:PVET4g.jpg}}
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<span style="font-size:95%">''' ''P.ovale'' '''</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">''' ''P.ovale'' '''</span></br>
<span style="font-size:95%">As with the other species development begins with small forms and normal red cells; However as the species develops cahnges to red cells begin that might include finbriation, ovoid form and some enlargmnet. Similar to ''P.vivax'' the cytoplasmic James (Schuffners) dots appear initially as a fine dots but becoming more prominent as the parasites mature.
<span style="font-size:90%">Ring form is retained but enlarges, red cells may develop fimbriation and enlarged ovoid form with visible James' dots.


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<span style="font-size:95%">''' ''P.malariae'' '''</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">''' ''P.malariae'' '''</span></br>
<span style="font-size:95%">Generally parasites are infrequent. The very early small forms become a little more robust than ''P.falciparum'', and may acquire features more typical (though not exclusive) for species including central chromatin dot forms, and early parasite elongation or angular forms. Red cells have normal size and shape or may have reduced size, cytoplasmic dots should not be present (although the uncommon fine Stinton's dots may be seen).
<span style="font-size:90%">Infected red cells are generally infrequent. Early trophozoites are small in normal or small erythrocytes, and may have central chromatin dot, elongation or angular forms.


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<span style="font-size:95%">''' ''P.knowlesi'' '''</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">''' ''P.knowlesi'' '''</span></br>
<span style="font-size:95%">At the early trophozoite stage an infection by ''P.knowlesi'' resembles that by ''P.falciparum'' and may include cells that have double chromatin dots, muliply infected red cells, and accolé forms. This may create diagnostic confusion in cases where only early trophozoites are present. Later forms begin to resemple parasites of ''P.malariae'' and hese should be specifically sought where infections arise in geographical areas associated with this parasite.
<span style="font-size:90%">The early trophozoite may resembles ''P.falciparum'' and infected cells may be frequent. Later forms however begin to resemble parasites of ''P.malariae''.


<gallery mode="traditional" widths=200px heights=200px>
<gallery mode="traditional" widths=200px heights=200px>

Latest revision as of 13:30, 27 November 2024


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General Comments: At the very earliest point all trophozoites appear as ring forms and species differences are very difficult to distinguish - some "species specific" features may appear as parasites mature toward late trophozoite stages.


P.falciparum
Small delicate rings, and these may be the only forms seen in some patients at diagnosis. Infected red cells have normal (or slightly crenated) appearance.

"


P.vivax
Rings begin as small forms, but become larger asociated with enlarged distorted red cells as they develop. Schüffner's dots will become present

"


P.ovale
Ring form is retained but enlarges, red cells may develop fimbriation and enlarged ovoid form with visible James' dots.

"


P.malariae
Infected red cells are generally infrequent. Early trophozoites are small in normal or small erythrocytes, and may have central chromatin dot, elongation or angular forms.

"


P.knowlesi
The early trophozoite may resembles P.falciparum and infected cells may be frequent. Later forms however begin to resemble parasites of P.malariae.