Target cells - Revision history

John at 13:19, 27 March 2023

2023-03-27T13:19:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:19, 27 March 2023
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	<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">		<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">
	'''Image 1:''' '' The target cell is distinctive with a central “bullseye” accumulation of haemoglobin lying in the area of central pallor of the cell, context is very important for this cell ~~typee~~: the ~~clinical image shows~~ accompanying irregularly contracted ~~cell~~ as may be seen in HbC disease, but other common contexts may be macrocytosis (liver disease) or microcytic hypochromic cells (thalassaemia or iron deficiency)''		'''Image 1:''' '' The target cell is distinctive with a central “bullseye” accumulation of haemoglobin lying in the area of central pallor of the cell, context is very important for this cell type: the images show accompanying irregularly contracted cells as may be seen in HbC disease, but other common contexts may be macrocytosis (liver disease) or microcytic hypochromic cells (thalassaemia or iron deficiency)''
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John at 13:13, 27 March 2023

2023-03-27T13:13:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:13, 27 March 2023
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	<gallery mode="nolines" widths="240px" heights="240px" border="1px" >		<gallery mode="nolines" widths="240px" heights="240px" border="1px" >
	File:~~TC1~~.png\|link={{filepath:TC1.png}}		File:TC0.png\|link={{filepath:TC1.png}}
	File:TC2.jpg\|link={{filepath:TC2.jpg}}		File:TC2.jpg\|link={{filepath:TC2.jpg}}
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John at 14:30, 10 March 2023

2023-03-10T14:30:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:30, 10 March 2023
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	<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >		<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
	''''Clinical Image 3:''' Hypochromic and microctic target cells. Here the context is of marked hypochromia – often difficult to assess with target cells but in this case very marked. There are also nucleated red cells and features of fragility and previous splenectomy. Clinical condition thalassaemia intermedia.''		'''Clinical Image 3:''' Hypochromic and microctic target cells. Here the context is of marked hypochromia – often difficult to assess with target cells but in this case very marked. There are also nucleated red cells and features of fragility and previous splenectomy. Clinical condition thalassaemia intermedia.''
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John at 14:30, 10 March 2023

2023-03-10T14:30:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:30, 10 March 2023
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	<span style="font-size:90%~~"><span style="color:#808080"~~>		<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
	''''Clinical Image 3:''' Hypochromic and microctic target cells. Here the context is of marked hypochromia – often difficult to assess with target cells but in this case very marked. There are also nucleated red cells and features of fragility and previous splenectomy. Clinical condition thalassaemia intermedia.''		''''Clinical Image 3:''' Hypochromic and microctic target cells. Here the context is of marked hypochromia – often difficult to assess with target cells but in this case very marked. There are also nucleated red cells and features of fragility and previous splenectomy. Clinical condition thalassaemia intermedia.''
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John at 14:29, 10 March 2023

2023-03-10T14:29:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:29, 10 March 2023
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	~~'''Clinical Examples'''~~

	<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >		<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
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	<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">		<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">
	''''Clinical Image 3:''' Hypochromic and microctic target cells. Here the context is of marked hypochromia – often difficult to assess with target cells but in this case very marked. There are also nucleated red cells and features of fragility and previous splenectomy. Clinical condition thalassaemia intermedia.		''''Clinical Image 3:''' Hypochromic and microctic target cells. Here the context is of marked hypochromia – often difficult to assess with target cells but in this case very marked. There are also nucleated red cells and features of fragility and previous splenectomy. Clinical condition thalassaemia intermedia.''
	</span>		</span>

John at 14:20, 10 March 2023

2023-03-10T14:20:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:20, 10 March 2023
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	File:TC3.jpg\|link={{filepath:TC3.jpg}}		File:TC3.jpg\|link={{filepath:TC3.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>


	<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >		<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
	'''''Clinical Image 1: ''':Norrmocytic target cells and a range of normal cells. This film is from a post-splenectomy patient – note the single cell with a blue inclusion (Howell Jolly body). Clinical condition: hyposplenismNorrmocytic target cells and a range of normal cells. This film is from a post-splenectomy patient – note the single cell with a blue inclusion (Howell Jolly body). Clinical condition: hyposplenism''		'''''Clinical Image 1: ''':Norrmocytic target cells and a range of normal cells. This film is from a post-splenectomy patient – note the single cell with a blue inclusion (Howell Jolly body). Clinical condition: hyposplenismNorrmocytic target cells and a range of normal cells. This film is from a post-splenectomy patient – note the single cell with a blue inclusion (Howell Jolly body). Clinical condition: hyposplenism''
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	~~</span>~~
	~~<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">~~
	<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >		<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
	File:~~TC3~~.jpg\|~~''1.Clinical Image 1''~~		File:TC4.jpg\|link={{filepath:TC4.jpg}}
	~~File~~:TC4.jpg~~\|left\|text-center\|200px\|Clinical Image 2~~
	~~File:TC5.jpg\|left\|text-center\|200px\|Clinical Image 3~~
	</gallery>		</gallery>

			<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
			'''''Clinical Image 2: '''Normocytic/microcytic target cells. Note also the many irregularly contracted cells; the targe cells are similar in size to the nucleus of the small lymphocyte. There is only one well-formed target cell although many other cells can be regarded as being partial target forms on closer inspection. Clinical condition: haemoglobin C.''
			</span>

	~~<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">~~
	~~'''Clinical Image 1'''~~

	<~~span style~~="~~font-size:90%~~"~~><span style~~="~~color:#808080~~">		<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
	~~''''Clinical Image 2~~:~~''' Normocytic/microcytic target cells~~. Note also the many irregularly contracted cells; the targe cells are similar in size to the nucleus of the small lymphocyte. There is only one well-formed target cell although many other cells can be regarded as being partial target forms on closer inspection. Clinical condition: ~~haemoglobin C~~.		File:TC5.jpg\|link={{filepath:TC5.jpg}}
			</gallery>

	<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">		<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">
	'''Clinical Image 3:''' ~~Hypochromiv~~ and microctic target cells. Here the context is of marked hypochromia – often difficult to assess with target cells but in this case very marked. There are also nucleated red cells and features of fragility and previous splenectomy. Clinical condition thalassaemia intermedia.		''''Clinical Image 3:''' Hypochromic and microctic target cells. Here the context is of marked hypochromia – often difficult to assess with target cells but in this case very marked. There are also nucleated red cells and features of fragility and previous splenectomy. Clinical condition thalassaemia intermedia.

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John at 14:17, 10 March 2023

2023-03-10T14:17:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:17, 10 March 2023
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	'''Clinical Examples'''		'''Clinical Examples'''

			<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
			File:TC3.jpg\|link={{filepath:TC3.jpg}}
			</gallery>


			<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
			'''''Clinical Image 1: ''':Norrmocytic target cells and a range of normal cells. This film is from a post-splenectomy patient – note the single cell with a blue inclusion (Howell Jolly body). Clinical condition: hyposplenismNorrmocytic target cells and a range of normal cells. This film is from a post-splenectomy patient – note the single cell with a blue inclusion (Howell Jolly body). Clinical condition: hyposplenism''

			</span>
	<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">		<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">
	<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >		<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
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	<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">		<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">
	'''Clinical Image 1''':Norrmocytic target cells and a range of normal cells. This film is from a post-splenectomy patient – note the single cell with a blue inclusion (Howell Jolly body). Clinical condition: hyposplenismNorrmocytic target cells and a range of normal cells. This film is from a post-splenectomy patient – note the single cell with a blue inclusion (Howell Jolly body). Clinical condition: hyposplenism		'''Clinical Image 1'''

	<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">		<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">

John at 14:15, 10 March 2023

2023-03-10T14:15:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:15, 10 March 2023
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	Target cells are abnormal, but are not associated with a single specific disease type. Therefore, always look for the context: where target cells are the dominant abnormal form look for macrocytosis that may imply liver disease; or if MCV is normal or low consider a haemoglobinopathy (HbC, D or E). If the target cell is part of a spectrum of abnormal morphological forms then look at other cell types present.		Target cells are abnormal, but are not associated with a single specific disease type. Therefore, always look for the context: where target cells are the dominant abnormal form look for macrocytosis that may imply liver disease; or if MCV is normal or low consider a haemoglobinopathy (HbC, D or E). If the target cell is part of a spectrum of abnormal morphological forms then look at other cell types present.


	~~'''Pathobiology'''~~

	The most accepted mechanism for this morphological form is an “excess of membrane compared to haemoglobin content” (the opposite of the spherocyte) – in this case the “thin” cell adopts the shape of “hat with a brim” when relaxed in the capillary circulation, when this dries onto a glass slides the typical “target appearance” is formed. The imbalance between haemoglobin content and membrane area may arise as a result of reduced haemoglobin content (particularly thalassaemia) or excess membrane resulting from disturbed plasma lipid (e.g. liver disease). Excess membrane may also arise in hyposplenism since the normal “red cell conditioning” in spleen fails to remove excess membrane as the erythrocyte matures. A different mechanism may underlie the formation of these cells in haemoglobinopathy (e.g. Haemoglobin C or D) where the altered solubility of the abnormal haemoglobin may play a significant role.


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			'''Pathobiology'''

			The most accepted mechanism for this morphological form is an “excess of membrane compared to haemoglobin content” (the opposite of the spherocyte) – in this case the “thin” cell adopts the shape of “hat with a brim” when relaxed in the capillary circulation, when this dries onto a glass slides the typical “target appearance” is formed. The imbalance between haemoglobin content and membrane area may arise as a result of reduced haemoglobin content (particularly thalassaemia) or excess membrane resulting from disturbed plasma lipid (e.g. liver disease). Excess membrane may also arise in hyposplenism since the normal “red cell conditioning” in spleen fails to remove excess membrane as the erythrocyte matures. A different mechanism may underlie the formation of these cells in haemoglobinopathy (e.g. Haemoglobin C or D) where the altered solubility of the abnormal haemoglobin may play a significant role.

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John at 14:14, 10 March 2023

2023-03-10T14:14:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:14, 10 March 2023
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	<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">		<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">
	'''Image 1:''' '' The target cell is distinctive with a central “bullseye” accumulation of haemoglobin lying in the area of central pallor of the cell~~. Although shown here as a normal erythrocyte target forms often arise in abnormal erythrocytes with hypochromia or added elements. ''~~		'''Image 1:''' '' The target cell is distinctive with a central “bullseye” accumulation of haemoglobin lying in the area of central pallor of the cell, context is very important for this cell typee: the clinical image shows accompanying irregularly contracted cell as may be seen in HbC disease, but other common contexts may be macrocytosis (liver disease) or microcytic hypochromic cells (thalassaemia or iron deficiency)''
	~~</span>~~

	~~<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">~~
	~~'''Image 2:''' ''The~~ context ~~of the target cell~~ is very important ~~– here the~~ cell ~~is lies within~~ the ~~normal size range and there is an~~ accompanying irregularly contracted cell as may be seen in HbC disease; other common contexts may be ~~microcytosis~~ (liver disease) or microcytic hypochromic cells (thalassaemia or iron deficiency)''
	</span>		</span>

John at 10:17, 10 March 2023

2023-03-10T10:17:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:17, 10 March 2023
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	\|Inherited deficiency of lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase. A very rare (but characteristic) inherited cause of target cells		\|Inherited deficiency of lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase. A very rare (but characteristic) inherited cause of target cells
	\|}		\|}
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