Elliptocytes - Revision history

John at 21:18, 26 March 2023

2023-03-26T21:18:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:18, 26 March 2023
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	<gallery mode="nolines" widths="240px" heights="240px" border="1px" >		<gallery mode="nolines" widths="240px" heights="240px" border="1px" >
	File:~~Ellip1~~.png\|link={{filepath:~~Ellip1~~.png}}		File:Ellip1A.png\|link={{filepath:Ellip1A.png}}
	File:Ellip2.jpg\|link={{filepath:Ellip2.jpg}}		File:Ellip2.jpg\|link={{filepath:Ellip2.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>

John at 09:06, 13 March 2023

2023-03-13T09:06:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 13 March 2023
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	<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >		<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
	'''''Clinical Image 1: '''Almost all cells are elongated with a rounded shape and retained central pallor. There ~~is a wide range~~ of ~~ovoid cells through to marked ellipse~~ shape~~. This is~~ typical of inherited elliptocytosis~~, although in~~ less severe cases there may be fewer cells affected. Clinical condition: hereditary elliptocytosis.''		'''''Clinical Image 1: '''Almost all cells are elongated with a rounded shape and retained central pallor. There are also mant partial elliptocyes (ovalocytes) - this spectrum of shape typical of inherited elliptocytosis. In less severe cases there may be fewer cells affected. Clinical condition: hereditary elliptocytosis.''
	</span>		</span>

John at 09:04, 13 March 2023

2023-03-13T09:04:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:04, 13 March 2023
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	<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >		<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
	'''Images:''' The appearance is a “flattened circle” – this means that the overall rounded shape should ~~not~~ be ~~lost~~ (unlike the sickle cell) and the outline should be regular (unless affected by additional damage). Generally, ~~in haematological morphology this~~ term elliptocyte ~~is retained~~ only for cells where length is greater than twice width, but often these cells will be part of a spectrum with some more oval forms. In cases that are not hereditary it is important also to look for indications of the underlying pathology (e.g. haematinic deficiency).		'''Images:''' The appearance is a “flattened circle” – this means that the overall rounded shape should be retained (unlike the sharp-ended sickle cell) and the outline should be regular unless affected by additional damage. Generally, the term elliptocyte should be used only for cells where length is greater than twice width, but often these cells will be part of a spectrum with some more oval forms. In cases that are not hereditary it is important also to look for indications of the underlying pathology (e.g. haematinic deficiency).
	</div>		</div>

John at 08:52, 13 March 2023

2023-03-13T08:52:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:52, 13 March 2023
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	<gallery widths="~~235px~~" heights="~~235px~~" >		<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
	File:~~ELLIP6~~.jpg\|link={{filepath:~~ELLIP6~~.jpg}}		File:Ellip6.jpg\|link={{filepath:Ellip6.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>


	~~'''Clinical Image 4:'''~~		<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
	<~~div class~~="~~toccolours mw~~-~~collapsible mw-collapsed"~~ style="font-size 80%; ~~overflow:auto;"~~>		'''Clinical Image 4:''' This film has elliptical cells present, but in the context of marked variability of cell shape including a nucleated erythrocyte and many small or damaged cells. This is hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (usually caused by two inherited abnormalities of membrane or by homozygous spectrin abnormailites (see causes). Clinical condition: hereditary pyropoikilocytosis
	This film has elliptical cells present, but in the context of marked variability of cell shape including a nucleated erythrocyte and many small or damaged cells. This is hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (usually caused by two inherited abnormalities of membrane or by homozygous spectrin abnormailites (see causes). Clinical condition: hereditary pyropoikilocytosis
	</div>		</div>

John at 08:50, 13 March 2023

2023-03-13T08:50:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:50, 13 March 2023
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	<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >		<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
	File:~~aaa~~.jpg\|link={{filepath:~~aaa~~.jpg}}		File:Ellip3.jpg\|link={{filepath:Ellip3.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Line 68:		Line 68:


	<gallery widths="~~235px~~" heights="~~235px~~" >		<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
	File:~~ELLIP4~~.jpg\|link={{filepath:~~ELLIP4~~.jpg}}		File:Ellip4.jpg\|link={{filepath:Ellip4.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>


	~~''''Clinical Image 2:'''~~		<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
	<~~div class~~="~~toccolours mw~~-~~collapsible mw-collapsed"~~ style="font-size 80%; ~~overflow:auto;"~~>		'''''Clinical Image 2: '''Elliptical cells present in a patient with severe chronic disease (lung cancer). Note the marked variability of cell form with many cells being oval and relatively few definite elliptocytes. Note also the presence of smaller dense cells and one tear-drop shaped crenated cell. Clinical condition: anaemia of chronic disease''
	Elliptical cells present in a patient with severe chronic disease (lung cancer). Note the marked variability of cell form with many cells being oval and relatively few definite elliptocytes. Note also the presence of smaller dense cells and one tear-drop shaped crenated cell. Clinical condition: anaemia of chronic disease		</span>
	</~~div~~>


	<gallery widths="~~235px~~" heights="~~235px~~" >		<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
	File:~~ELLIP5~~.jpg\|link={{filepath:~~ELLIP5~~.jpg}}		File:Ellip5.jpg\|link={{filepath:Ellip5.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>


	~~'''Clinical Image 3:'''~~		<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
	<~~div class~~="~~toccolours mw~~-~~collapsible mw-collapsed"~~ style="font-size 80%; ~~overflow:auto;"~~>		'''''Clinical Image 3: '''Several elliptical cells are present on this film including one very long “pencil cell”. In this case elliptocytes are clearly present, but the most prominent feature is the marked hypochromia and the pencil cell is part of this process reflecting severe iron deficiency. Clinical condition: iron deficiency''
	Several elliptical cells are present on this film including one very long “pencil cell”. In this case elliptocytes are clearly present, but the most prominent feature is the marked hypochromia and the pencil cell is part of this process reflecting severe iron deficiency. Clinical condition: iron deficiency
	</div>		</div>


	<gallery widths="235px" heights="235px" >		<gallery widths="235px" heights="235px" >

John at 08:47, 13 March 2023

2023-03-13T08:47:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:47, 13 March 2023
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	<gallery widths="~~235px~~" heights="~~235px~~" >		<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
	File:~~ELLIP3~~.jpg\|link={{filepath:~~ELLIP3~~.jpg}}		File:aaa.jpg\|link={{filepath:aaa.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>


			<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
	~~'''Clinical Image 1'''~~		'''''Clinical Image 1: '''Almost all cells are elongated with a rounded shape and retained central pallor. There is a wide range of ovoid cells through to marked ellipse shape. This is typical of inherited elliptocytosis, although in less severe cases there may be fewer cells affected. Clinical condition: hereditary elliptocytosis.''
	<~~div class~~="~~toccolours mw~~-~~collapsible mw-collapsed"~~ style="font-size 80%; ~~overflow:auto;"~~>		</span>
	:Almost all cells are elongated with a rounded shape and retained central pallor. There is a wide range of ovoid cells through to marked ellipse shape. This is typical of inherited elliptocytosis, although in less severe cases there may be fewer cells affected. Clinical condition: hereditary elliptocytosis.
	</~~div~~>

John at 08:45, 13 March 2023

2023-03-13T08:45:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:45, 13 March 2023
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	<div style="width: 95%; overflow: auto; border: 1px solid navy; font-size:~~120~~%">		<div style="width: 95%; overflow: auto; border: 1px solid navy; font-size:100%">
	{\| class="wikitable" style="color:~~navy~~; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="15"		{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="15"
	!colspan="1" \|'''Inherited defects'''		!colspan="1" \|'''Inherited defects'''
	\|-		\|-

John at 08:44, 13 March 2023

2023-03-13T08:44:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:44, 13 March 2023
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	<~~span style~~="~~font-size:90%~~"~~><span style~~="~~color:#808080~~">		<gallery mode="nolines" widths="240px" heights="240px" border="1px" >
	~~<gallery widths~~="~~180px~~" ~~heights~~="~~180px~~" >		File:Ellip1.png\|link={{filepath:Ellip1.png}}
	File:~~ELLIP1~~.png\|link={{filepath:~~ELLIP1~~.png}}		File:Ellip2.jpg\|link={{filepath:Ellip2.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>


	~~'''''Image 1 Elliptocyte'''~~		<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
	<~~div~~ style="font-size 80%">		'''Images:''' The appearance is a “flattened circle” – this means that the overall rounded shape should not be lost (unlike the sickle cell) and the outline should be regular (unless affected by additional damage). Generally, in haematological morphology this term elliptocyte is retained only for cells where length is greater than twice width, but often these cells will be part of a spectrum with some more oval forms. In cases that are not hereditary it is important also to look for indications of the underlying pathology (e.g. haematinic deficiency).
	The appearance is a “flattened circle” – this means that the overall rounded shape should not be lost (~~as in a~~ sickle cell) and the outline should be regular unless affected by additional damage. Generally, in haematological morphology this term elliptocyte is retained only for cells where length is greater than twice width, but often these cells will be part of a spectrum with some more oval forms.
	~~</div>~~

	~~<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">~~
	~~<gallery widths="180px" heights="180px" >~~
	~~File:ELLIP2.png\|link={{filepath:ELLIP2.png}}~~
	~~</gallery>~~



	~~'''''Image 2: Elliptocytes'''~~
	~~<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size 80%; overflow:auto;">~~
	~~Elliptocytes will present in a range of forms including some cells with more oval shape~~. In cases that are not hereditary it is important also to look for ~~other~~ indications of the underlying pathology (e.g. haematinic deficiency).
	</div>		</div>

John at 10:46, 17 February 2023

2023-02-17T10:46:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:46, 17 February 2023
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	'''''Image 1 Elliptocyte'''		'''''Image 1 Elliptocyte'''
	<div ~~class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"~~ style="font-size 80%~~; overflow:auto;~~">		<div style="font-size 80%">
	The appearance is a “flattened circle” – this means that the overall rounded shape should not be lost (as in a sickle cell) and the outline should be regular unless affected by additional damage. Generally, in haematological morphology this term elliptocyte is retained only for cells where length is greater than twice width, but often these cells will be part of a spectrum with some more oval forms.		The appearance is a “flattened circle” – this means that the overall rounded shape should not be lost (as in a sickle cell) and the outline should be regular unless affected by additional damage. Generally, in haematological morphology this term elliptocyte is retained only for cells where length is greater than twice width, but often these cells will be part of a spectrum with some more oval forms.
	</div>		</div>

John: Created page with "'''Derivation:''' ''a flattened circle; in morphological usage the word tends to be applied to cells that are significantly elongated (length>twice the diameter)'' ---- '''Appearance''' Elliptocytes have an elliptical or “cigar-shaped” form – the key is that the cell is rounded and not curved (in contrast to the sharp-ended and curved sickle cell. File:ELLIP1.p..."

2023-02-17T10:45:16Z

Created page with "'''Derivation:''' ''a flattened circle; in morphological usage the word tends to be applied to cells that are significantly elongated (length>twice the diameter)'' ---- '''Appearance''' Elliptocytes have an elliptical or “cigar-shaped” form – the key is that the cell is rounded and not curved (in contrast to the sharp-ended and curved sickle cell. <span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080"> <gallery widths="180px" heights="180px" > File:ELLIP1.p..."

New page

'''Derivation:''' ''a flattened circle; in morphological usage the word tends to be applied to cells that are significantly elongated (length>twice the diameter)''

----

'''Appearance'''

Elliptocytes have an elliptical or “cigar-shaped” form – the key is that the cell is rounded and not curved (in contrast to the sharp-ended and curved sickle cell.

<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">
<gallery widths="180px" heights="180px" >
File:ELLIP1.png|link={{filepath:ELLIP1.png}}
</gallery>

'''''Image 1 Elliptocyte'''
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size 80%; overflow:auto;">
The appearance is a “flattened circle” – this means that the overall rounded shape should not be lost (as in a sickle cell) and the outline should be regular unless affected by additional damage. Generally, in haematological morphology this term elliptocyte is retained only for cells where length is greater than twice width, but often these cells will be part of a spectrum with some more oval forms.
</div>

<span style="font-size:90%"><span style="color:#808080">
<gallery widths="180px" heights="180px" >
File:ELLIP2.png|link={{filepath:ELLIP2.png}}
</gallery>

'''''Image 2: Elliptocytes'''
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size 80%; overflow:auto;">
Elliptocytes will present in a range of forms including some cells with more oval shape. In cases that are not hereditary it is important also to look for other indications of the underlying pathology (e.g. haematinic deficiency).
</div>

----

'''Significance'''

Elliptocytes commonly form part of the spectrum of abnormal cells when haematopoiesis is disordered (e.g. iron deficiency or chronic disease), but in such cases are rarely the most predominant cell form. In inherited elliptocytosis these cells are the sole or predominant feature, although numbers can vary from relatively few affected cells to involve almost all cells. In cases where multiple membrane defects co-exist very severe morphological abnormality can arise (hereditary pyropoikilocytosis).

'''Pitfalls'''

Typical elliptocytes form part of a spectrum of elongated forms, that may variously be described as oval or cigar-shaped. The distinction between these forms is often subjective, but as a rule of thumb, a cell can be considered to be an elliptocyte if its long-axis is twice the length of its short-axis. Other forms of elongated cell have specific names (see ovalocytes and pencil cells). Note also the blunt rounded end that distinguishes these cells from the curved and sharpened Sickle cells.

----

'''Causes'''

<div style="width: 95%; overflow: auto; border: 1px solid navy; font-size:120%">
{| class="wikitable" style="color:navy; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="15"
!colspan="1" |'''Inherited defects'''
|-
|'''Hereditary elliptocytosis''' Elliptocytes are the major or predominant feature on the blood film: Generally defective association of spectrin into tetramers or impaired anchorage of spectrin to other proteins of the erythrocyte membrane. Most commonly caused by mutations affecting the beta subunit of spectrin.
|-
|'''Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis''': Severe membrane instability produces both elliptocytes and greatly distorted or fragmented cells. These conditions often involve homozygosity for spectrin defects or the combination of spectrin defects and a separate inherited abnormality of membrane proteins.
|-
!colspan="1"| '''Other causes'''
|-
|Elliptocytes present together with a range of other cell types: A smaller number of elliptocytes occur when red cells are damaged in other conditions including thalassaemia, myelofibrosis and haematinic deficiency (megaloblastic anaemia or iron deficiency).
|}
</div>

----

'''Clinical Examples'''

<gallery widths="235px" heights="235px" >
File:ELLIP3.jpg|link={{filepath:ELLIP3.jpg}}
</gallery>

'''Clinical Image 1'''
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size 80%; overflow:auto;">
:Almost all cells are elongated with a rounded shape and retained central pallor. There is a wide range of ovoid cells through to marked ellipse shape. This is typical of inherited elliptocytosis, although in less severe cases there may be fewer cells affected. Clinical condition: hereditary elliptocytosis.
</div>

<gallery widths="235px" heights="235px" >
File:ELLIP4.jpg|link={{filepath:ELLIP4.jpg}}
</gallery>

''''Clinical Image 2:'''
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size 80%; overflow:auto;">
Elliptical cells present in a patient with severe chronic disease (lung cancer). Note the marked variability of cell form with many cells being oval and relatively few definite elliptocytes. Note also the presence of smaller dense cells and one tear-drop shaped crenated cell. Clinical condition: anaemia of chronic disease
</div>

<gallery widths="235px" heights="235px" >
File:ELLIP5.jpg|link={{filepath:ELLIP5.jpg}}
</gallery>

'''Clinical Image 3:'''
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size 80%; overflow:auto;">
Several elliptical cells are present on this film including one very long “pencil cell”. In this case elliptocytes are clearly present, but the most prominent feature is the marked hypochromia and the pencil cell is part of this process reflecting severe iron deficiency. Clinical condition: iron deficiency
</div>

<gallery widths="235px" heights="235px" >
File:ELLIP6.jpg|link={{filepath:ELLIP6.jpg}}
</gallery>

'''Clinical Image 4:'''
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size 80%; overflow:auto;">
This film has elliptical cells present, but in the context of marked variability of cell shape including a nucleated erythrocyte and many small or damaged cells. This is hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (usually caused by two inherited abnormalities of membrane or by homozygous spectrin abnormailites (see causes). Clinical condition: hereditary pyropoikilocytosis
</div>

----

'''Pathobiology'''

Inherited elliptocytosis derives from defects of the cytoskeleton that most frequently involve defective association between spectrin fibrils (these link the structures on the inside of the membrane reinforcing cell structure). This makes the cytoskeleton less resistant to shear stress, and subject to permanent deformation as cells age. However, occasional elliptocytes may also arise in response to other forms of red cell damage, and are seen as part of the spectrum of changes in a range of conditions.

----