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Plasmodium vivax: Morphology: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with ". distribution p.vivax is generally considered a parasite of central and south america india and s.e.asia. the low frequency of the duffy antigen that facilitates the entry of p.vivax into erythrocytes means that this malaria species has lower frequency in africa. aside from this however plasmodium vivax infection occurs across the widest geographic area of all the human malarias extending well into temperate climates. this behaviour is enabled by the dormant stag...")
 
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. distribution  p.vivax  is generally considered a parasite of central and south america india and s.e.asia. the low frequency of the duffy antigen that facilitates the entry of  p.vivax  into erythrocytes means that this malaria species has lower frequency in africa. aside from this however  plasmodium vivax  infection occurs across the widest geographic area of all the human malarias extending well into temperate climates. this behaviour is enabled by the dormant stage in the human liver where the parasite can \"rest\" allowing it to survive mosquito-free cold seasons when transmission and propagation in the mosquito-host is not possible. detailed . information may be accessed here malaria atlas project . ---- the early trophozoite file pvet.jpg leftt 200px link filepath pvet.jpg *erythrocytes begin to become size and shape of infected red cells enlarged and distorted during this stage *parasites have a ring form this may be quite irregular *parasites are generally large - occupying up to half of the erythrocyte *cytoplasmic schu8c3bcffneru8e28099s dots may appear at this stage but malaria pigment is not usually seen ---- the late trophozoite file pvlt.jpg leftt 200px link filepath pvlt.jpg *infected erythrocytes are clearly significantly enlarged and lose their regular outline *parasites are noticeably irregular becoming amoeboid in form *numerous purple schu8c3bcffneru8e28099s dots are seen in the cytoplasm *pigment is often present with irregular distribution ---- the schizont file pvs.jpg leftt 200px link filepath pvs.jpg *a range of maturing schizonts will generally be present within enlarged red cells *mature schizonts generally contain 16-24 separate merozoites *schu8c3bcffneru8e28099s dots can be detected in any residual cytoplasm of the erythrocyte *pigment is visible in irregularly distributed clumps over the schizont surface ---- the gametocyte file pvg.jpg leftt 200px link filepath pvg.jpg *very large with ovoid or distorted forms *macrogametocytes female may entirely fill the erythrocyte *microgametocytes male may have a thin cytoplasmic rim with visible schu8c3bcffneru8e28099s dots *pigment is clumped over the surface of the gametocyte ---- gallery plasmodium vivax gallery click here to see gallery of  plasmodium vivax  forms ---- '),
----
'''Navigation'''</br>
<span style="font-size:80%">(click blue highlighted text to return to page)</span></br></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">[[Malaria Index|Malaria main index]]</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">>[[Species identification: summary page]]</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">>>This page: <u>''P.vivax'': morphology</u></span>
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{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 5px; border-color: #023020; color:black"
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: CBD5CO |'''The early trophozoite'''
|}
 
 
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px>
File:PVETc.jpg|link={{filepath:PVETc.jpg}}
File:PVET main.jpg|link={{filepath:PVET main.jpg}}
</gallery>
<br clear=all>
 
The earliest ring forms may be indistinguishable from other species, but during this stage the parasite tends to aquire a more irregular forms and to show signs of modification of the erythrocyte (added dots, and altered size and shape).
 
*erythrocytes begin to show increased [[Red cell size and shape: P.vivax|size and altered shape]]
*parasites retain a ring form but may aquire a more irregular form
*parasites are generally large - occupying up to half of the erythrocyte  
*cytoplasmic [[Schüffner's dots]] may appear at this stage, although pigment is less uncommon
 
 
<div style="width: 350px">
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"
| colspan="1"''|[[P.vivax early trophozoites gallery|Click for ''P.vivax'' early trophozoite gallery]]''
|}
</div>
 
 
----
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 5px; border-color: #023020; color:black"
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: CBD5CO |'''The late trophozoite'''
|}
 
 
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px>
File:PVLTc.jpg|link={{filepath:PVLTc.jpg}}
File:PVLT main.jpg|link={{filepath:PVLT main.jpg}}
</gallery>
<br clear=all>
 
 
The later growth stage during which parasites grow considerably and lose their ring appearance, this process is accompanied by substantial modification of the red cell and metabolism of it's haemoglobin to form malaria pigment.
*infected erythrocytes become significantly enlarged and irregular in shape
*parasites lose their ring appearnace becoming irregular and "[[amoeboid]]" in form  
*numerous red/purple Schüffner's dots are predent in the cytoplasm of red cells
*[[malaria pigment]] is often present and has an irregular distribution
 
 
<div style="width: 350px">
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"
| colspan="1"''|[[P.vivax late trophozoites gallery|Click for ''P.vivax'' late trophozoite gallery]]''
|}
</div>
 
 
----
 
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 5px; border-color: #023020; color:black"
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: CBD5CO |'''The schizont'''
|}
 
 
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px>
File:PVSc.jpg|link={{filepath:PFSc.jpg}}
File:PVS main.jpg|link={{filepath:PFS main.jpg}}
</gallery>
<br clear=all>
 
The asexual stage of [[malaria parasite development]] - only some trophozoites form schizonts, but those that do undergo successive cycles of replication within the red cell to generate multiple [["merozoites"]] that then each invade a new red cell to continue and increase the infection.
 
*a range of maturing schizonts will generally be present within enlarged red cells  
*when mature schizonts may contain 16-24 separate merozoites  
*[[Schüffner's dots]] can be detected in any residual cytoplasm of the erythrocyte  
*[[Malaria pigment|malaria pigment]] is visible in irregularly distributed clumps over the schizont surface
 
 
<div style="width: 350px">
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"
| colspan="1"''|[[P.vivax schizont gallery|Click for ''P.vivax'' schizont gallery]]''
|}
</div>
 
 
----
 
'''The gametocyte'''
 
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 5px; border-color: #023020; color:black"
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: CBD5CO |'''The gametocyte'''
|}
 
 
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px>
File:PVGc.jpg|link={{filepath:PVGc.jpg}}
File:PVG main.jpg|link={{filepath:PVG main.jpg}}
</gallery>
<br clear=all>
 
 
 
The sexual replication form (very distinctive).
 
*red cells are very large and have ovoid or distorted forms  
*macrogametocytes (female form) will often entirely fill the erythrocyte  
*microgametocytes (male form) have a cytoplasmic rim with visible Schüffner's dots
*[[Malaria pigment|malaria pigment]] is clumped evenly over the surface of the gametocyte
 
 
<div style="width: 350px">
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"
| colspan="1"''|[[P.vivax gametocyte gallery|Click for ''P.vivax'' gametocyte gallery]]''
|}
</div>
 
 
----

Latest revision as of 14:17, 11 April 2024

Navigation
(click blue highlighted text to return to page)

Malaria main index
>Species identification: summary page
>>This page: P.vivax: morphology

The early trophozoite


  • PVETc.jpg
  • PVET main.jpg


The earliest ring forms may be indistinguishable from other species, but during this stage the parasite tends to aquire a more irregular forms and to show signs of modification of the erythrocyte (added dots, and altered size and shape).

  • erythrocytes begin to show increased size and altered shape
  • parasites retain a ring form but may aquire a more irregular form
  • parasites are generally large - occupying up to half of the erythrocyte
  • cytoplasmic Schüffner's dots may appear at this stage, although pigment is less uncommon




The late trophozoite


  • PVLTc.jpg
  • PVLT main.jpg



The later growth stage during which parasites grow considerably and lose their ring appearance, this process is accompanied by substantial modification of the red cell and metabolism of it's haemoglobin to form malaria pigment.

  • infected erythrocytes become significantly enlarged and irregular in shape
  • parasites lose their ring appearnace becoming irregular and "amoeboid" in form
  • numerous red/purple Schüffner's dots are predent in the cytoplasm of red cells
  • malaria pigment is often present and has an irregular distribution



The schizont


  • PVSc.jpg
  • PVS main.jpg


The asexual stage of malaria parasite development - only some trophozoites form schizonts, but those that do undergo successive cycles of replication within the red cell to generate multiple "merozoites" that then each invade a new red cell to continue and increase the infection.

  • a range of maturing schizonts will generally be present within enlarged red cells
  • when mature schizonts may contain 16-24 separate merozoites
  • Schüffner's dots can be detected in any residual cytoplasm of the erythrocyte
  • malaria pigment is visible in irregularly distributed clumps over the schizont surface



The gametocyte

The gametocyte


  • PVGc.jpg
  • PVG main.jpg



The sexual replication form (very distinctive).

  • red cells are very large and have ovoid or distorted forms
  • macrogametocytes (female form) will often entirely fill the erythrocyte
  • microgametocytes (male form) have a cytoplasmic rim with visible Schüffner's dots
  • malaria pigment is clumped evenly over the surface of the gametocyte



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