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Plasmodium vivax: Morphology: Difference between revisions

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<span style="font-size:90%">[[Malaria Index|Malaria main index]]</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">[[Malaria Index|Malaria main index]]</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">>[[Species identification: summary page]]</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">>[[Species identification: summary page]]</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">>>This page: <u>''P.falciparum'': morphology</u></span>
<span style="font-size:90%">>>This page: <u>''P.vivax'': morphology</u></span>
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*parasites retain a ring form but may aquire a more irregular form  
*parasites retain a ring form but may aquire a more irregular form  
*parasites are generally large - occupying up to half of the erythrocyte  
*parasites are generally large - occupying up to half of the erythrocyte  
*cytoplasmic [[Schüffner's dots]] may appear at this stage, although pigment uncommon  
*cytoplasmic [[Schüffner's dots]] may appear at this stage, although pigment is less uncommon  




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<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px>
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px>
File:PFLTc.jpg|link={{filepath:PFLTc.jpg}}
File:PVLTc.jpg|link={{filepath:PVLTc.jpg}}
File:PFLT-main image.jpg|link={{filepath:PFLT-main_image.jpg}}
File:PVLT main.jpg|link={{filepath:PVLT main.jpg}}
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The later growth stage:
The later growth stage during which parasites grow considerably and lose their ring appearance, this process is accompanied by substantial modification of the red cell and metabolism of it's haemoglobin to form malaria pigment.
   
   
*Parasites resemble early ring forms, but are thicker and may be slightly larger
*infected erythrocytes become significantly enlarged and irregular in shape
*Additional blue/grey dots and clefts are seen in red cell cytoplasm when [[stained correctly]]  
*parasites lose their ring appearnace becoming irregular and "[[amoeboid]]" in form
*These dots have low number a characteristic "dot" or "line" form [[Maurer's dots and clefts]]
*numerous red/purple Schüffner's dots are predent in the cytoplasm of red cells  
*[[Red cell size and shape|Size and shape]] of infected red cells is usually unaffected, but may become crenated
*[[malaria pigment]] is often present and has an irregular distribution
*The [[Double chromatin dot forms|double dot]], [[Accolé form| accolé]], and [[multiple parasites|multiple parasite]] forms remain present




<div style="width: 350px">
<div style="width: 350px">
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"
| colspan="1"''|[[P.falciparum late trophozoites gallery|Click for ''P.falciparum'' late trophozoite gallery]]''
| colspan="1"''|[[P.vivax late trophozoites gallery|Click for ''P.vivax'' late trophozoite gallery]]''
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
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<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px>
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px>
File:PFSc.jpg|link={{filepath:PFSc.jpg}}
File:PVSc.jpg|link={{filepath:PFSc.jpg}}
File:PFS-main image 2.jpg|link={{filepath:PFS-main_image 2.jpg}}
File:PVS main.jpg|link={{filepath:PFS main.jpg}}
</gallery>
</gallery>
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The asexual form:
The asexual stage of [[malaria parasite development]] - only some trophozoites form schizonts, but those that do undergo successive cycles of replication within the red cell to generate multiple [["merozoites"]] that then each invade a new red cell to continue and increase the infection.


*'''Do not generally circulate in this species unless overwhelming infection'''
*a range of maturing schizonts will generally be present within enlarged red cells
*The asexually formed developing "merozoites" cluster untidily
*when mature schizonts may contain 16-24 separate merozoites  
*[[Schizont Development|Schizonts]] develop progressively to form 8-16 merozoites when mature
*[[Schüffner's dots]] can be detected in any residual cytoplasm of the erythrocyte
*In this species the loose [[Malaria pigment|malaria pigment]] may be seen in clumps between the parasites
*[[Malaria pigment|malaria pigment]] is visible in irregularly distributed clumps over the schizont surface
*Red cell size is generally unaffected but red cells become pale as haemoglobin is metabolised by the parasites




<div style="width: 350px">
<div style="width: 350px">
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"
| colspan="1"''|[[P.falciparum schizont gallery|Click for ''P.falciparum'' schizont gallery]]''
| colspan="1"''|[[P.vivax schizont gallery|Click for ''P.vivax'' schizont gallery]]''
|}
|}
</div>
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<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px>
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px>
File:PFGc.jpg|link={{filepath:PFGc.jpg}}
File:PVGc.jpg|link={{filepath:PVGc.jpg}}
File:PFG-main image.jpg|link={{filepath:PFG-main_image.jpg}}
File:PVG main.jpg|link={{filepath:PVG main.jpg}}
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The sexual replication form (very distinctive).
The sexual replication form (very distinctive).


*Gametocytes are elongated but are restricted into typical shape by the red cell membrane 
*red cells are very large and have ovoid or distorted forms
*They parasites are rod shaped but the membrane may cause them to curve into a “[[Banana gametocyte|"banana" form]]”
*macrogametocytes (female form) will often entirely fill the erythrocyte
*The residual membrane (empty of haemoglobin) is often seen as a "blister" to the side of the parasite
*microgametocytes (male form) have a cytoplasmic rim with visible Schüffner's dots
*The single chromatin area is in the centre of the parasite, often has [[Malaria pigment|pigment]] overlying it
*[[Malaria pigment|malaria pigment]] is clumped evenly over the surface of the gametocyte
*Gametocytes may not be be seen, or may be the only form present (particularly after treatment)




<div style="width: 350px">
<div style="width: 350px">
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"
| colspan="1"''|[[P.falciparum gametocyte gallery|Click for ''P.falciparum'' gametocyte gallery]]''
| colspan="1"''|[[P.vivax gametocyte gallery|Click for ''P.vivax'' gametocyte gallery]]''
|}
|}
</div>
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*erythrocytes begin to increase size and shape of infected red cells enlarged and distorted during this stage *parasites have a ring form this may be quite irregular *parasites are generally large - occupying up to half of the erythrocyte *cytoplasmic schu8c3bcffneru8e28099s dots may appear at this stage but malaria pigment is not usually seen
the late trophozoite  file pvlt.jpg leftt 200px link filepath pvlt.jpg *infected erythrocytes are clearly significantly enlarged and lose their regular outline *parasites are noticeably irregular becoming amoeboid in form *numerous purple schu8c3bcffneru8e28099s dots are seen in the cytoplasm *pigment is often present with irregular distribution
the schizont  file pvs.jpg leftt 200px link filepath pvs.jpg *a range of maturing schizonts will generally be present within enlarged red cells *mature schizonts generally contain 16-24 separate merozoites *schu8c3bcffneru8e28099s dots can be detected in any residual cytoplasm of the erythrocyte *pigment is visible in irregularly distributed clumps over the schizont surface
the gametocyte  file pvg.jpg leftt 200px link filepath pvg.jpg *very large with ovoid or distorted forms *macrogametocytes female may entirely fill the erythrocyte *microgametocytes male may have a thin cytoplasmic rim with visible schu8c3bcffneru8e28099s dots *pigment is clumped over the surface of the gametocyte

Latest revision as of 14:17, 11 April 2024

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Malaria main index
>Species identification: summary page
>>This page: P.vivax: morphology

The early trophozoite


  • PVETc.jpg
  • PVET main.jpg


The earliest ring forms may be indistinguishable from other species, but during this stage the parasite tends to aquire a more irregular forms and to show signs of modification of the erythrocyte (added dots, and altered size and shape).

  • erythrocytes begin to show increased size and altered shape
  • parasites retain a ring form but may aquire a more irregular form
  • parasites are generally large - occupying up to half of the erythrocyte
  • cytoplasmic Schüffner's dots may appear at this stage, although pigment is less uncommon




The late trophozoite


  • PVLTc.jpg
  • PVLT main.jpg



The later growth stage during which parasites grow considerably and lose their ring appearance, this process is accompanied by substantial modification of the red cell and metabolism of it's haemoglobin to form malaria pigment.

  • infected erythrocytes become significantly enlarged and irregular in shape
  • parasites lose their ring appearnace becoming irregular and "amoeboid" in form
  • numerous red/purple Schüffner's dots are predent in the cytoplasm of red cells
  • malaria pigment is often present and has an irregular distribution



The schizont


  • PVSc.jpg
  • PVS main.jpg


The asexual stage of malaria parasite development - only some trophozoites form schizonts, but those that do undergo successive cycles of replication within the red cell to generate multiple "merozoites" that then each invade a new red cell to continue and increase the infection.

  • a range of maturing schizonts will generally be present within enlarged red cells
  • when mature schizonts may contain 16-24 separate merozoites
  • Schüffner's dots can be detected in any residual cytoplasm of the erythrocyte
  • malaria pigment is visible in irregularly distributed clumps over the schizont surface



The gametocyte

The gametocyte


  • PVGc.jpg
  • PVG main.jpg



The sexual replication form (very distinctive).

  • red cells are very large and have ovoid or distorted forms
  • macrogametocytes (female form) will often entirely fill the erythrocyte
  • microgametocytes (male form) have a cytoplasmic rim with visible Schüffner's dots
  • malaria pigment is clumped evenly over the surface of the gametocyte



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