CD38: Difference between revisions
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! AML !! CMML !! B ALL !! Burkitt || T ALL !! ETP ALL <'''[[ETP ALL|I]]'''> !! MPAL <'''[[MPAL|I]]'''> || Hgns <'''[[Hgns|I]]'''> | ! AML !! CMML !! B ALL !! Burkitt || T ALL !! ETP ALL <'''[[ETP ALL|I]]'''> !! MPAL <'''[[MPAL|I]]'''> || Hgns <'''[[Hgns|I]]'''> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="width: 12.5%; background: # | |style="width: 12.5%; background: #00b8e6; color:black"|2-20%* | ||
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #004466; color:white"|80-100% | |style="width: 12.5%; background: #004466; color:white"|80-100% | ||
|style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5% | |style="width: 12.5%; background: #E6FAFF; color:black"|<5% |
Revision as of 10:24, 8 May 2023
DETAILS
CD38 helps mobilise intracellular calcium to activate a wide array of cell functions. In haematological cell types CD38 it is widely expressed by lymphoid cells )B, T and NK) as well as myeloid precursor cells and mature myeloid cells. It has particular diagnostic importance for lymphocytes where CD38 expression is acquired as stem cells commit to B-cell lineage, then is lost as mature B cells emerge from bone marrow before being re-acquired at the time of plasma cell differentiation.
What is its diagnostic role?
The wide expression of CD38 limits its diagnostic value except in very specific circumstances:
- The co-expression of CD38 with CD138 can identify normal or neoplastic plasma cells
- Expression of CD38 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (>20% of cells) may associated with poorer outcome
Other relevant information: CD38 is a therapeutic target, daratumumab is a monoclonal antibody which binds to CD38 and is used in the treatment of myeloma.
Expression in primitive cell types | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AML | CMML | B ALL | Burkitt | T ALL | ETP ALL <I> | MPAL <I> | Hgns <I> |
2-20%* | 80-100% | <5% | <5% | <5% | <5% | <5% | <5% |
Notes: In aml CD14 expression defines monocytic lineage restriction but may be absent especially in more primitive monoblastic cases
Expression in mature B cell neoplasms | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CLL | MCL | FL | MZL | HCL | DLBCL | LPL | PCL |
<5% | <5% | <5% | <5% | <5% | <5% | <5% | <5% |
Notes: Low level expression has been reported on activated lymphocytes, but it has no definite diagnostic role
Expression in mature T cell neoplasms | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATLL | CTCL/Sezary | T-PLL | T-LGL | NK-LGL | ||
<5% | <5% | <5% | <5% | <5% |
SUMMARY TABLES
Expression of CD38 by primitive lymphoid cells: ALL and haematogones | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pro-B ALL | early pre-B ALL | pre-B ALL | B-ALL | pro-T ALL | mature-T ALL | AML | Haematogones |
* | stg |
* low expression correlates with subtype e.g. APML
Expression of CD38 by mature B cells: B-lymphoproliferative disorders | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CLL | MCL | FL | HCL | HCv | MZL | LPL | PCL |
* | ** | stg/mod |
*May indicate adverse prognostic when present on more than 20% of cells
**May be weak
1. Colour key: - the likelihood of any individual case expressing this marker, indicated by colour:
Rare (<5%) | Possible (5-20%) | Likely (20-40%) | Frequent (40-80%) | Expected (80-100%) |
2. Text key: - where expression level is characteristic of a disorder this is indicated by text:
abs = absent expression, wk = weak expression, mod = moderate expression, stg = strong expression, sub = expression may be on a sub-population of cells