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| <span style="color:navy">'''''SUMMARY TABLES'''''</span>
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| {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; width: 800px;"
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| !colspan="8"|Expression of CD38 by primitive lymphoid cells: ALL and haematogones
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| |-
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| ! pro-B ALL !! early pre-B ALL !!pre-B ALL!! B-ALL !!pro-T ALL !!mature-T ALL !!AML !!Haematogones
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| |-
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| |style= "width: 100px; height: 20px; background: #006699; color:white"|
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| |style="width: 100px; background: #006699; color:white"|
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| |style="width: 100px; background: #006699; color:white"|
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| |style="width: 100px; background: #006699; color:white"|
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| |style="width: 100px; background: #006699; color:black"|
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| |style="width: 100px; background: #006699; color:black"|
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| |style="width: 100px; background: #00b8e6; color:white"|*
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| |style="width: 100px; background: #004466; color:white"|stg
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| |-
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| |}
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| <span style="font-size:80%">''* low expression correlates with subtype e.g. APML''</span>
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| {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; width: 800px; height 20px;"
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| |-
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| !colspan="8"|Expression of CD38 by mature B cells: B-lymphoproliferative disorders
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| |-
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| ! CLL !! MCL !!FL!! HCL !!HCv !!MZL!!LPL!!PCL
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| |-
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| |style= "width: 100px; background: #00b8e6; color:black"|*
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| |style="width: 100px; background: #004466; color:white"|
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| |style="width: 100px; background: #004466; color:white"|**
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| |style= "width: 100px; background: #00b8e6; color:white"|
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| |style= "width: 100px; background: #00b8e6; color:white"|
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| |style="width: 100px; background: #004466; color:white"|
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| |style="width: 100px; background: #006699; color:white"|
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| |style="width: 100px; background: #004466; color:white"|stg/mod
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| |-
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| |}
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| <span style="font-size:80%">''*May indicate adverse prognostic when present on more than 20% of cells''</span>
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| <span style="font-size:80%">''**May be weak''</span>
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| ----
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| <span style="font-size:80%">'''''1. Colour key:''''' ''- the likelihood of any individual case expressing this marker, indicated by colour:''
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| </span>
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| {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; font-size:80%; width: 600px; height: 20px;
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| |-
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| |style= "background: #E6FAFF; |Rare (<5%)
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| |style="background: #66e0ff;"|Possible (5-20%)
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| |style="background: #00b8e6;"|Likely (20-40%)
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| |style="background: #006699; color:white"|Frequent (40-80%)
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| |style="background: #004466; color:white"|Expected (80-100%)
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| |-
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| |}
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| <span style="font-size:80%">
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| '''''2. Text key''''': - ''where expression level is characteristic of a disorder this is indicated by text:''
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| </span>
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| <span style="font-size:80%">
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| '''abs''' = absent expression, '''wk''' = weak expression, '''mod''' = moderate expression, '''stg''' = strong expression, '''sub''' = expression may be on a sub-population of cells''
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| </span>
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DETAILS
CD38 helps mobilise intracellular calcium to activate a wide array of cell functions. In haematological cell types CD38 it is widely expressed by lymphoid cells )B, T and NK) as well as myeloid precursor cells and mature myeloid cells. It has particular diagnostic importance for lymphocytes where CD38 expression is acquired as stem cells commit to B-cell lineage, then is lost as mature B cells emerge from bone marrow before being re-acquired at the time of plasma cell differentiation.
What is its diagnostic role?
The wide expression of CD38 limits its diagnostic value except in very specific circumstances:
- The co-expression of CD38 with CD138 can identify normal or neoplastic plasma cells
- Expression of CD38 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (>20% of cells) may associated with poorer outcome
Other relevant information: CD38 is a therapeutic target, daratumumab is a monoclonal antibody which binds to CD38 and is used in the treatment of myeloma.
| Expression in primitive cell types
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| AML |
CMML |
B ALL |
Burkitt |
T ALL |
ETP ALL <I> |
MPAL <I> |
Hgns <I>
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| 2-20%*
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40-80%
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40-80%
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40-80%
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40-80%
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40-80%
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40-80%
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80-100%*
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Notes: * expression correlates with subtype, particularly APML. Expression by haematogones is very high.
| Expression in mature B cell neoplasms
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| CLL |
MCL |
FL |
MZL |
HCL |
DLBCL |
LPL |
PCL
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| 2-20%*
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80-100%
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80-100%
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80-100%
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2-20%
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80-100%*
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40-80%
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80-100%**
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Notes: Expression level in CLL and DLBCL may have prognostic value, plasma cells express the marker fairly consistently although the levels can vary.
| Expression in mature T cell neoplasms
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| ATLL |
CTCL/Sezary |
T-PLL |
T-LGL |
NK-LGL
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| <5%
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<5%
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<5%
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<5%
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<5%
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