CD38: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with " <span style="color:navy">'''''DETAILS'''''</span> CD38 helps initiate the mobilsation of intracellular calcium, activating a wide array of cell functions that depend on cell type. In haematological cell types CD38 is widely expressed by lymphoid cells and by particular myeloid cells – often in a stage-specific manner. For B lymphocytes CD38 expression is acquired as stem cells commit to B-cell lineage, then lost as mature B cells emerge from bone marrow before be...") |
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<span style="color:navy">'''''DETAILS'''''</span> | <span style="color:navy">'''''DETAILS'''''</span> | ||
CD38 helps | CD38 helps mobilise intracellular calcium to activate a wide array of cell functions. In haematological cell types CD38 it is widely expressed by lymphoid cells )B, T and NK) as well as myeloid precursor cells and mature myeloid cells. It has particular diagnostic importance for lymphocytes where CD38 expression is acquired as stem cells commit to B-cell lineage, then is lost as mature B cells emerge from bone marrow before being re-acquired at the time of plasma cell differentiation. | ||
<span style="color:navy">'''What is its diagnostic role?'''</span> | <span style="color:navy">'''What is its diagnostic role?'''</span> | ||
The | *The wide expression of CD38 limits its diagnostic value except in very specific circumstances | ||
^The major use is to combine CD38 with CD138 where co-expression identifies normal or neoplastic plasma cells | |||
*CD38 may also be expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia where expression on >20% has been associated with poorer outcome, although it is not widely used as a progostic marker | |||
Revision as of 22:52, 3 May 2023
DETAILS
CD38 helps mobilise intracellular calcium to activate a wide array of cell functions. In haematological cell types CD38 it is widely expressed by lymphoid cells )B, T and NK) as well as myeloid precursor cells and mature myeloid cells. It has particular diagnostic importance for lymphocytes where CD38 expression is acquired as stem cells commit to B-cell lineage, then is lost as mature B cells emerge from bone marrow before being re-acquired at the time of plasma cell differentiation.
What is its diagnostic role?
- The wide expression of CD38 limits its diagnostic value except in very specific circumstances
^The major use is to combine CD38 with CD138 where co-expression identifies normal or neoplastic plasma cells
- CD38 may also be expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia where expression on >20% has been associated with poorer outcome, although it is not widely used as a progostic marker
Other relevant information: CD38 is a therapeutic target, daratumumab is a monoclonal antibody which binds to CD38 and is used in the treatment of myeloma.
SUMMARY TABLES
| Expression of CD38 by primitive lymphoid cells: ALL and haematogones | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pro-B ALL | early pre-B ALL | pre-B ALL | B-ALL | pro-T ALL | mature-T ALL | AML | Haematogones |
| * | stg | ||||||
* low expression correlates with subtype e.g. APML
| Expression of CD38 by mature B cells: B-lymphoproliferative disorders | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLL | MCL | FL | HCL | HCv | MZL | LPL | PCL |
| * | ** | stg/mod | |||||
*May indicate adverse prognostic when present on more than 20% of cells
**May be weak
1. Colour key: - the likelihood of any individual case expressing this marker, indicated by colour:
| Rare (<5%) | Possible (5-20%) | Likely (20-40%) | Frequent (40-80%) | Expected (80-100%) |
2. Text key: - where expression level is characteristic of a disorder this is indicated by text:
abs = absent expression, wk = weak expression, mod = moderate expression, stg = strong expression, sub = expression may be on a sub-population of cells