https://haematologyetc.co.uk/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Admin&feedformat=atomhaematologyetc.co.uk - User contributions [en-gb]2024-03-28T19:15:00ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.0https://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Banana_gametocyte&diff=5693Banana gametocyte2024-03-28T13:39:29Z<p>Admin: </p>
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'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
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{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''What a "banana" gametocyte?'''</span><br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:MB1.jpg|: ''P.falciparum'' macrogametocyte|link={{filepath:MB1.jpg}}<br />
File:MB2.jpg|: ''P.falciparum microgametocyte''|link={{filepath:MB2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Description'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
The gametocyte stage of ''P.falciparum'' has the form of a round-ended rod. The rod is slightly longer than a red cell so becomes curved by the red cell membrane and is often described a "banana shaped". This is particularly the case for longer macrogametocytes, and less so for the microgametocytes. The remaining red cell membrane (now with no haemoglobin) can often be seen on the concave side of the parasite. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Species significance'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
A clear banana form is typical of ''P.falciparum'' indicating that diagnosis - although other features must fit, and be sure to exclude artefact.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Additional images'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:MB3.jpg|Artefactual banana form|link={{filepath:MB3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
This is a squashed and distorted trophozoite of ''P.vivax'' that has been compressed by the red cells around it. The clear compression and presence of Schüffner's dots in the cytoplasm should make it clear taht this is not ''P.falciparum''.<br />
<br />
<br />
----</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Plasmodium_falciparum:_Morphology&diff=5692Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology2024-03-28T13:26:34Z<p>Admin: </p>
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'''Navigation'''</br><br />
<span style="font-size:80%">(click blue highlighted text to return to page)</span></br></br><br />
<span style="font-size:90%">[[Malaria Index|Malaria main index]]</span></br><br />
<span style="font-size:90%">>[[Species identification: summary page]]</span></br><br />
<span style="font-size:90%">>>This page: <u>''P.falciparum'': morphology</u></span><br />
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<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 5px; border-color: #023020; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: CBD5CO |'''The early trophozoite'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px><br />
File:PFETc.jpg|link={{filepath:PFETc.jpg}}<br />
File:PFET-main image.jpg|link={{filepath:PFET-main_image.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The earliest growth stage, and may be the only form seen in this species:<br />
<br />
*[[Ring forms]] that are fine and delicate<br />
*Frequently the red cells contain [[multiple parasites]] <br />
*Parasites may have a distinctive [[Double chromatin dot forms|"double dot"]] or signet ring form<br />
*Parasites may appear on the [[Accolé form|accolé forms]] that appear flattened against the cell membrane<br />
*Affected red cells have normal size and haemoglobin content<br />
<br />
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<div style="width: 350px"><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"<br />
| colspan="1"''|[[P.falciparum early trophozoites gallery|Click for ''P.falciparum'' early trophozoite gallery]]''<br />
|}<br />
</div><br />
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{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 5px; border-color: #023020; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: CBD5CO |'''The late trophozoite'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px><br />
File:PFLTc.jpg|link={{filepath:PFLTc.jpg}}<br />
File:PFLT-main image.jpg|link={{filepath:PFLT-main_image.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The later growth stage:<br />
<br />
*Parasites resemble early ring forms, but are thicker and may be slightly larger<br />
*Additional blue/grey dots and clefts are seen in red cell cytoplasm when [[stained correctly]] <br />
*These dots have low number a characteristic "dot" or "line" form [[Maurer's dots and clefts]]<br />
*[[Red cell size and shape|Size and shape]] of infected red cells is usually unaffected, but may become crenated<br />
*The [[Double chromatin dot forms|double dot]], [[Accolé form| accolé]], and [[multiple parasites|multiple parasite]] forms remain present<br />
<br />
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<div style="width: 350px"><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"<br />
| colspan="1"''|[[P.falciparum late trophozoites gallery|Click for ''P.falciparum'' late trophozoite gallery]]''<br />
|}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
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{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 5px; border-color: #023020; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: CBD5CO |'''The schizont'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px><br />
File:PFSc.jpg|link={{filepath:PFSc.jpg}}<br />
File:PFS-main image 2.jpg|link={{filepath:PFS-main_image 2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
The asexual form:<br />
<br />
*'''Do not generally circulate in this species unless overwhelming infection'''<br />
*The asexually formed developing "merozoites" cluster untidily <br />
*[[Schizont Development|Schizonts]] develop progressively to form 8-16 merozoites when mature<br />
*In this species the loose [[Malaria pigment|malaria pigment]] may be seen in clumps between the parasites<br />
*Red cell size is generally unaffected but [[Haemoglobin Metabolism|haemoglobin is lost]] (metabolised by the parasites)<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="width: 350px"><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"<br />
| colspan="1"''|[[P.falciparum schizont gallery|Click for ''P.falciparum'' schizont gallery]]''<br />
|}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''The gametocyte'''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 5px; border-color: #023020; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: CBD5CO |'''The gametocyte'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px><br />
File:PFGc.jpg|link={{filepath:PFGc.jpg}}<br />
File:PFG-main image.jpg|link={{filepath:PFG-main_image.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The sexual replication form (very distinctive).<br />
<br />
*Gametocytes are elongated but are restricted into typical shape by the red cell membrane <br />
*They parasites are rod shaped but the membrane may cause them to curve into a “[[Banana gametocyte|"banana" form]]”<br />
*The residual membrane (empty of haemoglobin) is often seen as a "blister" to the side of the parasite<br />
*The single chromatin area is in the centre of the parasite, often has [[Malaria pigment|pigment]] overlying it<br />
*Gametocytes may not be be seen, or may be the only form present (particularly after treatment)<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="width: 350px"><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"<br />
| colspan="1"''|[[P.falciparum gametocyte gallery|Click for ''P.falciparum'' gametocyte gallery]]''<br />
|}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
----</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Malaria_pigment&diff=5691Malaria pigment2024-03-28T13:26:04Z<p>Admin: </p>
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<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''What is malaria pigment?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Pig1.jpg|link={{filepath:MPi1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
A solid and angular late trophozoite form of ''P.malariae''. Note the golden pigment in separate clumps of granules distributed over the parasite surface (arrowed).<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Description'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
During their development malarial parasites metabolise the haemoglobin within erythrocytes to support their growth. Evetually infected cells at late stages of parasite development red cell may have no visible haemoglobin. As part of that process the parasite must "detoxify" the iron component of the haem element. This process creates a detoxified iron containing protein "haemazoin" which is visible as pigment - as you might expect this is most visible at late stages of parasite development.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Species significance'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment may vary in colour and may be clumped or scattered as individual small masses depending on species; in some instances this can help (most obviously in the central clump seen in the "daisy head" schizonts of ''P.malariae''). Generally however, the form of the pigment is less useful than other features in determining species.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Additional images'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment in different stages of parasite development:<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Pig2.jpg|Gametocyte ''P.malariae''|link={{filepath:Pig2.jpg}}<br />
File:Pig3.jpg|Schizont ''P.ovale''|link={{filepath:Pig3.jpg}}<br />
File:Pig4.jpg|Trophozoite ''P.ovale''|link={{filepath:Pig4.jpg}}<br />
File:Pig5.jpg|Gametocyte ''P.falciparum''|link={{filepath:Pig5.jpg}}<br />
</gallery></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Malaria_pigment&diff=5690Malaria pigment2024-03-28T13:24:17Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''What is malaria pigment?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Pig1.jpg|link={{filepath:MPi1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
A solid and angular late trophozoite form of ''P.malariae''. Note the golden pigment in separate clumps of granules distributed over the parasite surface (arrowed).<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Description'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
During their development malarial parasites metabolise the haemoglobin within erythrocytes to support their growth - hence infected cells become "ghost cells" devoid of visible haemoglobin at later stages of parasite development. As part of that process the parasite must "detoxify" the iron component of the haem element. This process creates a detoxified iron containing protein "haemazoin" which is visible as pigment - as you might expect this is most visible at late stages of parasite development.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Species significance'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment may vary in colour and may be clumped or scattered as individual small masses depending on species; in some instances this can help (most obviously in the central clump seen in the "daisy head" schizonts of ''P.malariae''). Generally however, the form of the pigment is less useful than other features in determining species.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Additional images'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment in different stages of parasite development:<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Pig2.jpg|Gametocyte ''P.malariae''|link={{filepath:Pig2.jpg}}<br />
File:Pig3.jpg|Schizont ''P.ovale''|link={{filepath:Pig3.jpg}}<br />
File:Pig4.jpg|Trophozoite ''P.ovale''|link={{filepath:Pig4.jpg}}<br />
File:Pig5.jpg|Gametocyte ''P.falciparum''|link={{filepath:Pig5.jpg}}<br />
</gallery></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Malaria_pigment&diff=5689Malaria pigment2024-03-28T13:23:11Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''What is malaria pigment?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Pig1.jpg|link={{filepath:MPi1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
A solid and angular late trophozoite form of ''P.malariae''. Note the golden pigment in separate clumps of granules distributed over the parasite surface (arrowed).<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Description'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
During their development malarial parasites metabolise the haemoglobin within erythrocytes to support their growth - hence infected cells become "ghost cells" devoid of visible haemoglobin at later stages of parasite development. As part of that process the parasite must "detoxify" the iron component of the haem element. This process creates a detoxified iron containing protein "haemazoin" which is visible as pigment - as you might expect this is most visible at late stages of parasite development.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Species significance'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment may vary in colour and may be clumped or scattered as individual small masses depending on species; in some instances this can help (most obviously in the central clump seen in the "daisy head" schizonts of ''P.malariae''). Generally however, the form of the pigment is less useful than other features in determining species.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Additional images'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment in different stages of parasite development:<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Pig2.jpg|Gametocyte ''P.malariae''|link={{filepath:Pig2.jpg}}<br />
File:Pig3.jpg|Schizont ''P.ovale''|link={{filepath:Pig3.jpg}}<br />
File:Pig4.jpg|C. James|link={{filepath:Pig4.jpg}}<br />
File:Pig5.jpg|C. James|link={{filepath:Pig5.jpg}}<br />
</gallery></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Malaria_pigment&diff=5688Malaria pigment2024-03-28T13:21:59Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''What is malaria pigment?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Pig1.jpg|link={{filepath:MPi1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
A solid and angular late trophozoite form of ''P.malariae''. Note the golden pigment in separate clumps of granules distributed over the parasite surface (arrowed).<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Description'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
During their development malarial parasites metabolise the haemoglobin within erythrocytes to support their growth - hence infected cells become "ghost cells" devoid of visible haemoglobin at later stages of parasite development. As part of that process the parasite must "detoxify" the iron component of the haem element. This process creates a detoxified iron containing protein "haemazoin" which is visible as pigment - as you might expect this is most visible at late stages of parasite development.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Species significance'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment may vary in colour and may be clumped or scattered as individual small masses depending on species; in some instances this can help (most obviously in the central clump seen in the "daisy head" schizonts of ''P.malariae''). Generally however, the form of the pigment is less useful than other features in determining species.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Additional images'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment in different stages of parasite development:<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Pig2.jpg|A. Maurer|link={{filepath:Pig2.jpg}}<br />
File:Pig3.jpg|B. Schüffner|link={{filepath:Pig3.jpg}}<br />
File:Pig4.jpg|C. James|link={{filepath:Pig4.jpg}}<br />
File:Pig5.jpg|C. James|link={{filepath:Pig5.jpg}}<br />
</gallery></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=File:Pig5.jpg&diff=5687File:Pig5.jpg2024-03-28T13:20:11Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=File:Pig4.jpg&diff=5686File:Pig4.jpg2024-03-28T13:19:57Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=File:Pig3.jpg&diff=5685File:Pig3.jpg2024-03-28T13:19:44Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=File:Pig2.jpg&diff=5684File:Pig2.jpg2024-03-28T13:19:28Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Malaria_pigment&diff=5683Malaria pigment2024-03-28T13:19:00Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''What is malaria pigment?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Pig1.jpg|link={{filepath:MPi1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
A solid and angular late trophozoite form of ''P.malariae''. Note the golden pigment in separate clumps of granules distributed over the parasite surface (arrowed).<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Description'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
During their development malarial parasites metabolise the haemoglobin within erythrocytes to support their growth - hence infected cells become "ghost cells" devoid of visible haemoglobin at later stages of parasite development. As part of that process the parasite must "detoxify" the iron component of the haem element. This process creates a detoxified iron containing protein "haemazoin" which is visible as pigment - as you might expect this is most visible at late stages of parasite development.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Species significance'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment may vary in colour and may be clumped or scattered as individual small masses depending on species; in some instances this can help (most obviously in the central clump seen in the "daisy head" schizonts of ''P.malariae''). Generally however, the form of the pigment is less useful than other features in determining species.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Additional images'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment in different stages of parasite development:<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:MPi2.jpg|A. Maurer|link={{filepath:MPi2.jpg}}<br />
File:MPi3.jpg|B. Schüffner|link={{filepath:MPi3.jpg}}<br />
File:MPi4.jpg|C. James|link={{filepath:MPi4.jpg}}<br />
File:MPi5.jpg|C. James|link={{filepath:MPi5.jpg}}<br />
</gallery></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Malaria_pigment&diff=5682Malaria pigment2024-03-28T13:16:11Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''What is malaria pigment?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Pig1.jpg|link={{filepath:MPi1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
A solid and angular late trophozoite form of ''P.malariae''. Note the golden pigment in separate clumps of granules distributed over the parasite surface (arrowed).<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Description'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
During their development malarial parasites metabolise the haemoglobin within erythrocytes to support their growth - hence infected cells become "ghost cells" devoid of visible haemoglobin at later stages of parasite development. As part of that process the parasite must "detoxify" the iron component of the haem element. This process creates a detoxified iron containing protein "haemazoin" which is visible as pigment - as you might expect this is most visible at late stages of parasite development.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Species significance'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment may vary in colour and may be clumped or scattered as individual small masses depending on species; in some instances this can help (most obviously in the central clump seen in the "daisy head" schizonts of ''P.malariae''). Generally however, the form of the pigment is less useful than other features in determining species.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Additional images'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment in different stages of parasite development:<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
<br />
</gallery></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Malaria_pigment&diff=5681Malaria pigment2024-03-28T13:15:33Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''What is malaria pigment?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Pig1.jpg|link={{filepath:MPi1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
A solid and angular late trophozoite form of ''P.malariae''. Note the golden pigment in separate clumps of granules distributed over the parasite surface (arrowed).<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Description'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
During their development malarial parasites metabolise the haemoglobin within erythrocytes to support their growth - hence infected cells become "ghost cells" devoid of visible haemoglobin at later stages of parasite development. As part of that process the parasite must "detoxify" the iron component of the haem element. This process creates a detoxified iron containing protein "haemazoin" which is visible as pigment - as you might expect this is most visible at late stages of parasite development.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Species significance'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment may vary in colour and may be clumped or scattered as individual small masses depending on species; in some instances this can help (most obviously in the central clump seen in the "daisy head" schizonts of ''P.malariae''). Generally however, the form of the pigment is less useful than other features in determining species.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Additional images'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment in different stages of parasite development:<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:MPi2.jpg|''P.malariae'' gametocyte with pigment around the parasite circumference|link={{filepath:MPi2.jpg}}<br />
File:MPi3.jpg|''P.ovale'' small schizont with loose pigment clump|link={{filepath:MPi3.jpg}}<br />
File:MPi4.jpg|''P.ovale'' late trophozoite with small pigment deposits over parasite|link={{filepath:MPi4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=File:Pig1.jpg&diff=5680File:Pig1.jpg2024-03-28T13:13:01Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Malaria_pigment&diff=5679Malaria pigment2024-03-28T13:12:27Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''What is malaria pigment?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Pig1.jpg|: ''P.malariae'' with golden pigment over the parasite surface|link={{filepath:MPi1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Description'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
During their development malarial parasites metabolise the haemoglobin within erythrocytes to support their growth - hence infected cells become "ghost cells" devoid of visible haemoglobin at later stages of parasite development. As part of that process the parasite must "detoxify" the iron component of the haem element. This process creates a detoxified iron containing protein "haemazoin" which is visible as pigment - as you might expect this is most visible at late stages of parasite development.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Species significance'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment may vary in colour and may be clumped or scattered as individual small masses depending on species; in some instances this can help (most obviously in the central clump seen in the "daisy head" schizonts of ''P.malariae''). Generally however, the form of the pigment is less useful than other features in determining species.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Additional images'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment in different stages of parasite development:<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:MPi2.jpg|''P.malariae'' gametocyte with pigment around the parasite circumference|link={{filepath:MPi2.jpg}}<br />
File:MPi3.jpg|''P.ovale'' small schizont with loose pigment clump|link={{filepath:MPi3.jpg}}<br />
File:MPi4.jpg|''P.ovale'' late trophozoite with small pigment deposits over parasite|link={{filepath:MPi4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Malaria_pigment&diff=5678Malaria pigment2024-03-28T13:11:10Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''What is malaria pigment?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:MPi1.jpg|: ''P.malariae'' with golden pigment over the parasite surface|link={{filepath:MPi1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Description'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
During their development malarial parasites metabolise the haemoglobin within erythrocytes to support their growth - hence infected cells become "ghost cells" devoid of visible haemoglobin at later stages of parasite development. As part of that process the parasite must "detoxify" the iron component of the haem element. This process creates a detoxified iron containing protein "haemazoin" which is visible as pigment - as you might expect this is most visible at late stages of parasite development.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Species significance'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment may vary in colour and may be clumped or scattered as individual small masses depending on species; in some instances this can help (most obviously in the central clump seen in the "daisy head" schizonts of ''P.malariae''). Generally however, the form of the pigment is less useful than other features in determining species.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Additional images'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment in different stages of parasite development:<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:MPi2.jpg|''P.malariae'' gametocyte with pigment around the parasite circumference|link={{filepath:MPi2.jpg}}<br />
File:MPi3.jpg|''P.ovale'' small schizont with loose pigment clump|link={{filepath:MPi3.jpg}}<br />
File:MPi4.jpg|''P.ovale'' late trophozoite with small pigment deposits over parasite|link={{filepath:MPi4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery></div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Malaria_pigment&diff=5677Malaria pigment2024-03-28T13:10:09Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''What is malaria pigment?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:MPi1.jpg|: ''P.malariae'' with golden pigment over the parasite surface|link={{filepath:MPi1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Description'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
During their development malarial parasites metabolise the haemoglobin within erythrocytes to support their growth - hence infected cells become "ghost cells" devoid of visible haemoglobin at later stages of parasite development. As part of that process the parasite must "detoxify" the iron component of the haem element. This process creates a detoxified iron containing protein "haemazoin" which is visible as pigment - as you might expect this is most visible at late stages of parasite development.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Species significance'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment may vary in colour and may be clumped or scattered as individual small masses depending on species; in some instances this can help (most obviously in the central clump seen in the "daisy head" schizonts of ''P.malariae''). Generally however, the form of the pigment is less useful than other features in determining species.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Additional images'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:MPi2.jpg|''P.malariae'' gametocyte with pigment around the parasite circumference|link={{filepath:MPi2.jpg}}<br />
File:MPi3.jpg|''P.ovale'' small schizont with loose pigment clump|link={{filepath:MPi3.jpg}}<br />
File:MPi4.jpg|''P.ovale'' late trophozoite with small pigment deposits over parasite|link={{filepath:MPi4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
Pigment in different stages of parasite development:<br />
<br />
----</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Malaria_pigment&diff=5676Malaria pigment2024-03-28T13:09:37Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''What are Maurer's dots and clefts?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:MPi1.jpg|: ''P.malariae'' with golden pigment over the parasite surface|link={{filepath:MPi1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Description'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
During their development malarial parasites metabolise the haemoglobin within erythrocytes to support their growth - hence infected cells become "ghost cells" devoid of visible haemoglobin at later stages of parasite development. As part of that process the parasite must "detoxify" the iron component of the haem element. This process creates a detoxified iron containing protein "haemazoin" which is visible as pigment - as you might expect this is most visible at late stages of parasite development.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Species significance'''</span><br />
<br />
Pigment may vary in colour and may be clumped or scattered as individual small masses depending on species; in some instances this can help (most obviously in the central clump seen in the "daisy head" schizonts of ''P.malariae''). Generally however, the form of the pigment is less useful than other features in determining species.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:navy>'''Additional images'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:MPi2.jpg|''P.malariae'' gametocyte with pigment around the parasite circumference|link={{filepath:MPi2.jpg}}<br />
File:MPi3.jpg|''P.ovale'' small schizont with loose pigment clump|link={{filepath:MPi3.jpg}}<br />
File:MPi4.jpg|''P.ovale'' late trophozoite with small pigment deposits over parasite|link={{filepath:MPi4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
Pigment in different stages of parasite development:<br />
<br />
----</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5675Schizont Development2024-03-27T18:22:53Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Schizonts formation involves successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when the schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two distinct purple chromatin masses within the blue parasite cytoplasm (at this point the cytoplams is not divided so indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
As schizont development proceeds further cycles of division cause the appearance of mutiple separate areas chromatin that will eventually form the merozoies, although at this stage they still lie within a single cytoplasmic mass. The number of divisions varies between species, so in mature schizonts this can contribute to species identification (see schizont gallery). Note that as the parasites develop the haemoglobin is metabolised so the red cell becomes more pale, and the products of red cell breakdown (malaria pigment) become more prominent.<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the further division of chromatin (Chr) into many discrete massed within the blue parasite cytoplasm (Cy). Indiviual merozoites are still not distinguishable but the malaria pigment is obvious (Pi). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
By this stage the individual merozoites can be distinguished, each with a chromatin dot and cytoplasm; they are now ready for release from the red cell. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
The asexual division cycles are now complete cartoon image (A) shows the merozoites (M) as discrete chromatin with blue cytoplasm. Malaria pigment is present (P). The clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
In the final stage the red cell membrane is broken down, swelling then separating to release the merozoites and any malaria pigment into the blood where each merozoite enters a red cell to form a new early trophozoite and increasing the infection load. <br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
Merozoites cause the red cell membrane to be expanded then to break down; the merozoites (M) are now clearly separate and move apart, the pigment (P) is also released during this process (A); this is shown in the clinical image (B) although this brief stage is rarely seen in practice (''P.malariae'').</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5674Schizont Development2024-03-27T18:22:24Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Schizonts formation involves successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when the schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two distinct purple chromatin masses within the blue parasite cytoplasm (at this point the cytoplams is not divided so indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
As schizont development proceeds further cycles of division cause the appearance of mutiple separate areas chromatin that will eventually form the merozoies, although at this stage they still lie within a single cytoplasmic mass. The number of divisions varies between species, so in mature schizonts this can contribute to species identification (see schizont gallery). Note that as the parasites develop the haemoglobin is metabolised so the red cell becomes more pale, and the products of red cell breakdown (malaria pigment) become more prominent.<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the further division of chromatin (Chr) into many discrete massed within the blue parasite cytoplasm (Cy). Indiviual merozoites are still not distinguishable but the malaria pigment is obvious (Pi). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
By this stage the individual merozoites can be distinguished, each with a chromatin dot and cytoplasm; they are now ready for release from the red cell. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
The asexual division cycles are now complete cartoon image (A) shows the merozoites (M) as discrete chromatin with blue cytoplasm. Malaria pigment is present (P). The clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
In the final stage the red cell membrane is broken down, swelling then separating to release the merozoites and any malaria pigment into the blood where each merozoite enters a red cell to form a new early trophozoite and increasing the infection load. <br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Merozoites cause the red cell membrane to be expanded then to break down; the merozoites (M) are now clearly separate and move apart, the pigment (P) is also released during this process (A); this is shown in the clinical image (B) although this brief stage is rarely seen in practice (''P.malariae'').</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5673Schizont Development2024-03-27T18:21:39Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Schizonts formation involves successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when the schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two distinct purple chromatin masses within the blue parasite cytoplasm (at this point the cytoplams is not divided so indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
As schizont development proceeds further cycles of division cause the appearance of mutiple separate areas chromatin that will eventually form the merozoies, although at this stage they still lie within a single cytoplasmic mass. The number of divisions varies between species, so in mature schizonts this can contribute to species identification (see schizont gallery). Note that as the parasites develop the haemoglobin is metabolised so the red cell becomes more pale, and the products of red cell breakdown (malaria pigment) become more prominent.<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the further division of chromatin (Chr) into many discrete massed within the blue parasite cytoplasm (Cy). Indiviual merozoites are still not distinguishable but the malaria pigment is obvious (Pi). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
By this stage the individual merozoites can be distinguished, each with a chromatin dot and cytoplasm; they are now ready for release from the red cell. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The asexual division cycles are now complete cartoon image (A) shows the merozoites (M) as discrete chromatin with blue cytoplasm. Malaria pigment is present (P). The clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
In the final stage the red cell membrane is broken down, swelling then separating to release the merozoites and any malaria pigment into the blood where each merozoite enters a red cell to form a new early trophozoite and increasing the infection load. <br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Merozoites cause the red cell membrane to be expanded then to break down; the merozoites (M) are now clearly separate and move apart, the pigment (P) is also released during this process (A); this is shown in the clinical image (B) although this brief stage is rarely seen in practice (''P.malariae'').</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5672Schizont Development2024-03-27T18:18:25Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Schizonts formation involves successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when the schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two distinct purple chromatin masses within the blue parasite cytoplasm (at this point the cytoplams is not divided so indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
As schizont development proceeds further cycles of division cause the appearance of mutiple separate areas chromatin that will eventually form the merozoies, although at this stage they still lie within a single cytoplasmic mass. The number of divisions varies between species, so in mature schizonts this can contribute to species identification (see schizont gallery). Note that as the parasites develop the haemoglobin is metabolised so the red cell becomes more pale, and the products of red cell breakdown (malaria pigment) become more prominent.<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the further division of chromatin (Chr) into many discrete massed within the blue parasite cytoplasm (Cy). Indiviual merozoites are still not distinguishable but the malaria pigment is obvious (Pi). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
By this stage the individual merozoites can be distinguished, each with a chromatin dot and cytoplasm; they are now ready for release from the red cell. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The asexual division cycles are now complete cartoon image (A) shows the merozoites (M) as discrete chromatin with blue cytoplasm. Malaria pigment is present (P). The clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
In the final stage the red cell membrane is broken down, swelling then separating to release the merozoites and any malaria pigment into the blood where each merozoite enters a red cell to form a new early trophozoite and increasing the infection load. <br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Plasmodium_falciparum:_Morphology&diff=5671Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology2024-03-27T18:15:15Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
<span style="font-size:80%">(click blue highlighted text to return to page)</span></br></br><br />
<span style="font-size:90%">[[Malaria Index|Malaria main index]]</span></br><br />
<span style="font-size:90%">>[[Species identification: summary page]]</span></br><br />
<span style="font-size:90%">>>This page: <u>''P.falciparum'': morphology</u></span><br />
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<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 5px; border-color: #023020; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: CBD5CO |'''The early trophozoite'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px><br />
File:PFETc.jpg|link={{filepath:PFETc.jpg}}<br />
File:PFET-main image.jpg|link={{filepath:PFET-main_image.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The earliest growth stage, and may be the only form seen in this species:<br />
<br />
*[[Ring forms]] that are fine and delicate<br />
*Frequently the red cells contain [[multiple parasites]] <br />
*Parasites may have a distinctive [[Double chromatin dot forms|"double dot"]] or signet ring form<br />
*Parasites may appear on the [[Accolé form|accolé forms]] that appear flattened against the cell membrane<br />
*Affected red cells have normal size and haemoglobin content<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="width: 350px"><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"<br />
| colspan="1"''|[[P.falciparum early trophozoites gallery|Click for ''P.falciparum'' early trophozoite gallery]]''<br />
|}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 5px; border-color: #023020; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: CBD5CO |'''The late trophozoite'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px><br />
File:PFLTc.jpg|link={{filepath:PFLTc.jpg}}<br />
File:PFLT-main image.jpg|link={{filepath:PFLT-main_image.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The later growth stage:<br />
<br />
*Parasites resemble early ring forms, but are thicker and may be slightly larger<br />
*Additional blue/grey dots and clefts are seen in red cell cytoplasm when [[stained correctly]] <br />
*These dots have low number a characteristic "dot" or "line" form [[Maurer's dots and clefts]]<br />
*[[Red cell size and shape|Size and shape]] of infected red cells is usually unaffected, but may become crenated<br />
*The [[Double chromatin dot forms|double dot]], [[Accolé form| accolé]], and [[multiple parasites|multiple parasite]] forms remain present<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="width: 350px"><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"<br />
| colspan="1"''|[[P.falciparum late trophozoites gallery|Click for ''P.falciparum'' late trophozoite gallery]]''<br />
|}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 5px; border-color: #023020; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: CBD5CO |'''The schizont'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px><br />
File:PFSc.jpg|link={{filepath:PFSc.jpg}}<br />
File:PFS-main image 2.jpg|link={{filepath:PFS-main_image 2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
The asexual form:<br />
<br />
*'''Do not generally circulate in this species unless overwhelming infection'''<br />
*The asexually formed developing "merozoites" cluster untidily <br />
*[[Schizont Development|Schizonts]] develop progressively to form 8-16 merozoites when mature<br />
*In this species the loose [[Malaria Pigment|malaria pigment]] may be seen in clumps between the parasites<br />
*Red cell size is generally unaffected but [[Haemoglobin Metabolism|haemoglobin is lost]] (metabolised by the parasites)<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="width: 350px"><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"<br />
| colspan="1"''|[[P.falciparum schizont gallery|Click for ''P.falciparum'' schizont gallery]]''<br />
|}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''The gametocyte'''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 5px; border-color: #023020; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: CBD5CO |'''The gametocyte'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=200px heights=200px><br />
File:PFGc.jpg|link={{filepath:PFGc.jpg}}<br />
File:PFG-main image.jpg|link={{filepath:PFG-main_image.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The sexual replication form (very distinctive).<br />
<br />
*Gametocytes are elongated but are restricted into typical shape by the red cell membrane <br />
*They parasites are rod shaped but the membrane may cause them to curve into a “[[Banana gametocyte|"banana" form]]”<br />
*The residual membrane (empty of haemoglobin) is often seen as a "blister" to the side of the parasite<br />
*The single chromatin area is in the centre of the parasite, often has [[Malaria pigment|pigment]] overlying it<br />
*Gametocytes may not be be seen, or may be the only form present (particularly after treatment)<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="width: 350px"><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:90%; color:navy; align:center"<br />
| colspan="1"''|[[P.falciparum gametocyte gallery|Click for ''P.falciparum'' gametocyte gallery]]''<br />
|}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
----</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Malaria_Index&diff=5670Malaria Index2024-03-27T18:11:02Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>-----<br />
<br />
[[File:mosquito.png||200px|link=]]<br />
<BR clear=all><br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MALARIA INDEX'''<br />
<br />
'''1.''' [[Malaria Biology|Basic malaria biology]]<br />
<br />
'''2.''' [[Malaria stage recognition|Diagnosis Guide]]<br />
<br />
'''3.''' [[Species identification: summary page|Morphological features of each malaria species]]<br />
<br />
'''4''' [[Galleries]]<br />
<br />
'''4.''' [[Alaphatical list of specific malaria features|Alphabetical List of forms]]<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''BABESIA INDEX'''<br />
<br />
*[[Babesia|Babesia recognition]]<br />
<br />
----</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5669Schizont Development2024-03-27T17:50:16Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Schizonts formation involves successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when the schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two distinct purple chromatin masses within the blue parasite cytoplasm (at this point the cytoplams is not divided so indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
As schizont development proceeds further cycles of division cause the appearance of mutiple separate areas chromatin that will eventually form the merozoies, although at this stage they still lie within a single cytoplasmic mass. The number of divisions varies between species, so in mature schizonts this can contribute to species identification (see schizont gallery). Note that as the parasites develop the haemoglobin is metabolised so the red cell becomes more pale, and the products of red cell breakdown (malaria pigment) become more prominent.<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the further division of chromatin (Chr) into many discrete massed within the blue parasite cytoplasm (Cy). Indiviual merozoites are still not distinguishable but the malaria pigment is obvious (Pi). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
By this stage the individual merozoites can be distinguished, each with a chromatin dot and cytoplasm; they are now ready for release from the red cell. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The asexual division cycles are now complete cartoon image (A) shows the merozoites (M) as discrete chromatin with blue cytoplasm. Malaria pigment is present (P). The clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5668Schizont Development2024-03-27T17:49:44Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Schizonts formation involves successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when the schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two distinct purple chromatin masses within the blue parasite cytoplasm (at this point the cytoplams is not divided so indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
As schizont development proceeds further cycles of division cause the appearance of mutiple separate areas chromatin that will eventually form the merozoies, although at this stage they still lie within a single cytoplasmic mass. The number of divisions varies between species, so in mature schizonts this can contribute to species identification (see schizont gallery). Note that as the parasites develop the haemoglobin is metabolised so the red cell becomes more pale, and the products of red cell breakdown (malaria pigment) become more prominent.<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the further division of chromatin (Chr) into many discrete massed within the blue parasite cytoplasm (Cy). Indiviual merozoites are still not distinguishable but the malaria pigment is obvious (Pi). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
By this stage the individual merozoites can be distinguished, each with a chromatin dot and cytoplasm; they are now ready for release from the red cell. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The asexual division cycles are now complete cartoon image (A) shows the merozoites (M) as discrete chromatin with blue cytoplasm. Malaria pigment is present (P). The clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5667Schizont Development2024-03-27T17:47:03Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Schizonts formation involves successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when the schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two distinct purple chromatin masses within the blue parasite cytoplasm (at this point the cytoplams is not divided so indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
As schizont development proceeds further cycles of division cause the appearance of mutiple separate areas chromatin that will eventually form the merozoies, although at this stage they still lie within a single cytoplasmic mass. The number of divisions varies between species, so in mature schizonts this can contribute to species identification (see schizont gallery). Note that as the parasites develop the haemoglobin is metabolised so the red cell becomes more pale, and the products of red cell breakdown (malaria pigment) become more prominent.<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the further division of chromatin (Chr) into many discrete massed within the blue parasite cytoplasm (Cy). Indiviual merozoites are still not distinguishable but the malaria pigment is obvious (Pi). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
By this stage the individual merozoites can be distinguished, each with a chromatin dot and cytoplasm; they are now ready for release from the red cell. <br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5666Schizont Development2024-03-27T13:38:40Z<p>Admin: </p>
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<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Schizonts formation involves successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when the schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two distinct purple chromatin masses within the blue parasite cytoplasm (at this point the cytoplams is not divided so indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
As schizont development proceeds further cycles of division cause the appearance of mutiple separate areas chromatin that will eventually form the merozoies, although at this stage they still lie within a single cytoplasmic mass. The number of divisions varies between species, so in mature schizonts this can contribute to species identification (see schizont gallery). Note that as the parasites develop the haemoglobin is metabolised so the red cell becomes more pale, and the products of red cell breakdown (malaria pigment) become more prominent.<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the further division of chromatin (Chr) into many discrete massed within the blue parasite cytoplasm (Cy). Indiviual merozoites are still not distinguishable but the malaria pigment is obvious (Pi). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5665Schizont Development2024-03-27T13:37:27Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Schizonts formation involves successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when the schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two distinct purple chromatin masses within the blue parasite cytoplasm (atthis point the cytoplams is not divided so indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
As schizont development proceeds further cycles of division cause the appearance of mutiple separate areas chromatin that will eventually form the merozoies, although at this stage they still lie within a single cytoplasmic mass. The number of divisions varies between species, so in mature schizonts this can contribute to species identification (see schizont gallery). Note that as the parasites develop the haemoglobin is metabolised so the red cell becomes more pale, and the products of red cell breakdown (malaria pigment) become more prominent.<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the further division of chromatin (Chr) into many discrete massed within the blue parasite cytoplasm (Cy). Indiviual merozoites are still not distinguishable but the malaria pigment is obvious (Pi). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5664Schizont Development2024-03-27T13:35:49Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Schizonts formation involves successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when the schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two masses within a continuous blue parasite cytoplasm (indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable here). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
As schizont development proceeds further cycles of division cause the appearance of mutiple separate areas chromatin that will eventually form the merozoies, although at this stage they still lie within a single cytoplasmic mass. The number of divisions varies between species, so in mature schizonts this can contribute to species identification (see schizont gallery). Note that as the parasites develop the haemoglobin is metabolised so the red cell becomes more pale, and the products of red cell breakdown (malaria pigment) become more prominent.<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the further division of chromatin (Chr) into many discrete massed within the blue parasite cytoplasm (Cy). Indiviual merozoites are still not distinguishable but the malaria pigment is obvious (Pi). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5663Schizont Development2024-03-27T11:03:03Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
The schizonts we see on blood films are each at a particular stage of the successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when the schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two masses within a continuous blue parasite cytoplasm (indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable here). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
As schizont development proceeds further cycles of division cause the appearance of mutiple separate areas chromatin that will eventually form the merozoies, although at this stage they still lie within a single cytoplasmic mass. The number of divisions varies between species, so in mature schizonts this can contribute to species identification (see schizont gallery). Note that as the parasites develop the haemoglobin is metabolised so the red cell becomes more pale, and the products of red cell breakdown (malaria pigment) become more prominent.<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the further division of chromatin (Chr) into many discrete massed within the blue parasite cytoplasm (Cy). Indiviual merozoites are still not distinguishable but the malaria pigment is obvious (Pi). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots and malaria pigment) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5662Schizont Development2024-03-27T11:01:19Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
The schizonts we see on blood films are each at a particular stage of the successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when the schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two masses within a continuous blue parasite cytoplasm (indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable here). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
As schizont development proceeds further cycles of division cause the appearance of mutiple separate areas chromatin that will eventually form the merozoies, although at this stage they still lie within a single cytoplasmic mass. The number of divisions varies between species, so in mature schizonts this can contribute to species identification (see schizont gallery). Note that as the parasites develop the haemoglobin is metabolised so the red cell becomes more pale, and the products of red cell breakdown (malaria pigment) become more prominent.<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the further division of chromatin into many discrete massed within the blue parasite cytoplasm (indiviual merozoites are still not distinguishable). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5661Schizont Development2024-03-27T10:59:23Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
The schizonts we see on blood films are each at a particular stage of the successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when the schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two masses within a continuous blue parasite cytoplasm (indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable here). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
As schizont development proceeds further cycles of division cause the appearance of mutiple separate areas chromatin that will eventually form the merozoies, although at this stage they still lie within a single cytoplasmic mass. The number of divisions varies between species, so in mature schizonts this can contribute to species identification (see schizont gallery). <br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the further division of chromatin into many discrete massed within the blue parasite cytoplasm (indiviual merozoites are still not distinguishable). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (again from ''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5660Schizont Development2024-03-27T10:01:19Z<p>Admin: </p>
<hr />
<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
The schizonts we see on blood films are each at a particular stage of the successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when th schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult to distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two masses within a continuous blue parasite cytoplams (indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable here). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5659Schizont Development2024-03-27T10:00:31Z<p>Admin: </p>
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<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
The schizonts we see on blood films are each at a particular stage of the successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when th schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult t distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The cartoon image (A) shows the division of chromatin into two masses within a continuous blue parasite cytoplams (indiviual merozoites are not really distinguishable here). A clinical image of a parasite at this developmental stage (''P.ovale'' with well shown James'dots) is shown in panel (B).<br />
<br />
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<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5658Schizont Development2024-03-27T09:56:39Z<p>Admin: </p>
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'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
The schizonts we see on blood films are each at a particular stage of the successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms. Those merozoites are released as the red cell breaks down then go on to infect another red cell. Schizonts therefre look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
The first recognisable stage occurs when th schizonts first divide their chromatin to form two distinct masses. This first stage is the least distinctive and can be difficult t distinguish from a late trophozoite or gametocyte with a double chromatin dot. But often the appearance is clear. <br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg&diff=5657File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg2024-03-26T11:30:54Z<p>Admin: </p>
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'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
The schizont form we see reflects successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms that are released as the red cell breaks down. Each merozoite then goes on to infect another red cell. This is therefore a progressive process and schizonts will look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=File:Schizontreal1.jpg&diff=5650File:Schizontreal1.jpg2024-03-26T11:26:12Z<p>Admin: </p>
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'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
The schizont form we see reflects successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms that are released as the red cell breaks down. Each merozoite then goes on to infect another red cell. This is therefore a progressive process and schizonts will look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5647Schizont Development2024-03-26T10:41:48Z<p>Admin: </p>
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'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
The schizont form we see reflects successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms that are released as the red cell breaks down. Each merozoite then goes on to infect another red cell. This is therefore a progressive process and schizonts will look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DEIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal1.jpg.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon2.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal2.jpg.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal2.jpg.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon3.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon3.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal3.jpg.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal3.jpg.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon4.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon4.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal4.jpg.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontreal4.jpg.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5646Schizont Development2024-03-26T10:37:59Z<p>Admin: </p>
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<div>----<br />
'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
The schizont form we see reflects successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms that are released as the red cell breaks down. Each merozoite then goes on to infect another red cell. This is therefore a progressive process and schizonts will look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DEIVISION'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
xxxxxx<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:Schizontcartoon1.jpg|A|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon1.jpg}}<br />
File:Schizontreal1.jpg.jpg|B|link={{filepath:Schizontcartoon2.jpg.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
xxxxxx.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
''P.falciparum'' (and ''P.knowlesi'')<br />
<br />
Red cell size and shape is generally unchanged although they may become crenated <br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:3SizePMET.jpg|A|link={{filepath:|3SizePMET.jpg}}<br />
File:4SizePFLT.jpg|B|link={{filepath:4SizePFLT.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The early (A) trophozoites lie within red cells that do not change size or shape, at later development (B) they may remain unchanged or acquire subtle crenation. <br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
For both ''P.ovale'' and ''P.vivax'' the red cells become progressively enlarged and distorted as the parasites develop. It may not be possible to distingish the species based on red cell appearances, but there are differences which should be looked for.<br />
<br />
<br />
''P.ovale''<br />
<br />
Expect increased red cell size but this may not be marked; the typical shape is an ovoid shape (hence the name) and there may be characteristic finbriation of cytoplams (that may be limited to one pole of the cell).<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:5SizePOET.jpg|A|link={{filepath:|5SizePOET.jpg}}<br />
File:6SizePOLT.jpg|B|link={{filepath:4SizePOLT.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Early (A) and late (B) trophozoites o ''P.ovale''. In each case there is a tendency for red cells to have an ovoid shape and there is distortion of the cytoplasm with sharp projectiosn (fimbriation). These orregular and spiky projections differ from the rounded crenation that may be seen in ''P.falciparum''.<br />
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<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
This species tend to have the largest red cell size that becomes evident at quite and early stage; the typical shape is quite irregular fimbriation is not (generally) seen.<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:7SizePVET.jpg|A|link={{filepath:|7SizePVET.jpg}}<br />
File:8SizePVLT.jpg|B|link={{filepath:8SizePVLT.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Trophozoites of ''P.vivax'' cause increase in size and distortion of red cells as the parasites mature. Here, the the early trophozoite (A) is enlarged but still retains a relatively undistorted elongated shape (similar to ''P.ovale''); however the late form (B) is has a very irregular shape (note that unlike ''P.ovale'' the red cell is not fimbriated).</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5645Schizont Development2024-03-26T10:06:49Z<p>Admin: </p>
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'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
<br />
<br />
The schizont form we see reflects successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms that are released as the red cell breaks down. Each merozoite then goes on to infect another red cell. This is therefore a progressive process and schizonts will look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DEIVISION'''<br />
<br />
''P.malariae''<br />
<br />
The red cells in this species remain round and are often small in size <br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:1SizePMET.jpg|A|link={{filepath:1SizePMET.jpg}}<br />
File:2SizePMLT.jpg|B|link={{filepath:2SizePMLT.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The early (A) and late trophozoites (B) shown in this image each lie within round erythrocytes with reduced size.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
''P.falciparum'' (and ''P.knowlesi'')<br />
<br />
Red cell size and shape is generally unchanged although they may become crenated <br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:3SizePMET.jpg|A|link={{filepath:|3SizePMET.jpg}}<br />
File:4SizePFLT.jpg|B|link={{filepath:4SizePFLT.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The early (A) trophozoites lie within red cells that do not change size or shape, at later development (B) they may remain unchanged or acquire subtle crenation. <br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
<br />
For both ''P.ovale'' and ''P.vivax'' the red cells become progressively enlarged and distorted as the parasites develop. It may not be possible to distingish the species based on red cell appearances, but there are differences which should be looked for.<br />
<br />
<br />
''P.ovale''<br />
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Expect increased red cell size but this may not be marked; the typical shape is an ovoid shape (hence the name) and there may be characteristic finbriation of cytoplams (that may be limited to one pole of the cell).<br />
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<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:5SizePOET.jpg|A|link={{filepath:|5SizePOET.jpg}}<br />
File:6SizePOLT.jpg|B|link={{filepath:4SizePOLT.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
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Early (A) and late (B) trophozoites o ''P.ovale''. In each case there is a tendency for red cells to have an ovoid shape and there is distortion of the cytoplasm with sharp projectiosn (fimbriation). These orregular and spiky projections differ from the rounded crenation that may be seen in ''P.falciparum''.<br />
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'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
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This species tend to have the largest red cell size that becomes evident at quite and early stage; the typical shape is quite irregular fimbriation is not (generally) seen.<br />
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<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:7SizePVET.jpg|A|link={{filepath:|7SizePVET.jpg}}<br />
File:8SizePVLT.jpg|B|link={{filepath:8SizePVLT.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
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Trophozoites of ''P.vivax'' cause increase in size and distortion of red cells as the parasites mature. Here, the the early trophozoite (A) is enlarged but still retains a relatively undistorted elongated shape (similar to ''P.ovale''); however the late form (B) is has a very irregular shape (note that unlike ''P.ovale'' the red cell is not fimbriated).</div>Adminhttps://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Schizont_Development&diff=5644Schizont Development2024-03-26T10:06:21Z<p>Admin: </p>
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'''Navigation'''</br><br />
[[Plasmodium falciparum: Morphology|Go Back]]<br />
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{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black"<br />
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''How does schizont appearance change during their development?'''</span><br />
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The schizont form we see reflects successive cycles of asexual division that eventually result in the formation of multiple separate "merozoite" forms that are relaesed as the red cell breaks down. Each merozoite then goes on to infect another red cell. This is therefore a progressive process and schizonts will look very different depending on which stage of development they represent. Below are images of schizonts at different developmental stages.<br />
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'''THE INITIAL ASEXUAL DEIVISION'''<br />
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''P.malariae''<br />
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The red cells in this species remain round and are often small in size <br />
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<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:1SizePMET.jpg|A|link={{filepath:1SizePMET.jpg}}<br />
File:2SizePMLT.jpg|B|link={{filepath:2SizePMLT.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
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The early (A) and late trophozoites (B) shown in this image each lie within round erythrocytes with reduced size.<br />
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'''IMMATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
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''P.falciparum'' (and ''P.knowlesi'')<br />
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Red cell size and shape is generally unchanged although they may become crenated <br />
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<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:3SizePMET.jpg|A|link={{filepath:|3SizePMET.jpg}}<br />
File:4SizePFLT.jpg|B|link={{filepath:4SizePFLT.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
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The early (A) trophozoites lie within red cells that do not change size or shape, at later development (B) they may remain unchanged or acquire subtle crenation. <br />
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'''MATURE SCHIZONT APPEARANCES'''<br />
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For both ''P.ovale'' and ''P.vivax'' the red cells become progressively enlarged and distorted as the parasites develop. It may not be possible to distingish the species based on red cell appearances, but there are differences which should be looked for.<br />
<br />
<br />
''P.ovale''<br />
<br />
Expect increased red cell size but this may not be marked; the typical shape is an ovoid shape (hence the name) and there may be characteristic finbriation of cytoplams (that may be limited to one pole of the cell).<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:5SizePOET.jpg|A|link={{filepath:|5SizePOET.jpg}}<br />
File:6SizePOLT.jpg|B|link={{filepath:4SizePOLT.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Early (A) and late (B) trophozoites o ''P.ovale''. In each case there is a tendency for red cells to have an ovoid shape and there is distortion of the cytoplasm with sharp projectiosn (fimbriation). These orregular and spiky projections differ from the rounded crenation that may be seen in ''P.falciparum''.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''MEROZOITE RELEASE'''<br />
<br />
This species tend to have the largest red cell size that becomes evident at quite and early stage; the typical shape is quite irregular fimbriation is not (generally) seen.<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="220px" ><br />
File:7SizePVET.jpg|A|link={{filepath:|7SizePVET.jpg}}<br />
File:8SizePVLT.jpg|B|link={{filepath:8SizePVLT.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Trophozoites of ''P.vivax'' cause increase in size and distortion of red cells as the parasites mature. Here, the the early trophozoite (A) is enlarged but still retains a relatively undistorted elongated shape (similar to ''P.ovale''); however the late form (B) is has a very irregular shape (note that unlike ''P.ovale'' the red cell is not fimbriated).</div>Admin